(a) Monte Carlo results for the mean-square displacement, 〈r²〉, as a function of time, t, for free diffusion (normal) and reaction diffusion (anomalous) in a linear plot. (b) Monte Carlo MSD is plotted as log (〈r²〉/t) versus logt. The slope of a straight line in this plot is α − 1; thus, normal diffusion dynamics yields a horizontal line. (c) The concentrations of the reactant, (Ca²⁺), and product, (CaB), as a function of time. The total calcium concentration, (Ca_T), is also shown.