Planar waveguides in neodymium-doped calcium niobium gallium garnet crystals produced by proton implantation
Liu Chun-Xiao1, †, 
, Chen Meng1, Fu Li-Li2, Zheng Rui-Lin1, Guo Hai-Tao3, Zhou Zhi-Guang3, Li Wei-Nan3, Lin She-Bao4, Wei Wei1, ‡,
, Chen Meng1, Fu Li-Li2, Zheng Rui-Lin1, Guo Hai-Tao3, Zhou Zhi-Guang3, Li Wei-Nan3, Lin She-Bao4, Wei Wei1, ‡, Measured relative intensity of the light reflected from the prism versus effective refractive index for the Nd:CNGG waveguide formed by 480-keV H+ ion implantation at a fluence of 1.0×1017 ions/cm2 at room temperature.
