Brief overview of electrochemical potential in lithium ion batteries

Gao Jian^{1, 2}, Shi Si-Qi^{3, 2}, Li Hong^{1, †,}

Historical diagram comparing the potential of Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺redox couple (versus Li⁺/Li⁰) of various Fe-based (phosphates, sulphates, complexes and others) cathode materials. The Mn-substituted Li₂(Fe_1−xMn_xP₂O₇binary pyrophosphate shows the highest Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺redox potential, close to 4 V and similar to that of Li(Fe_1−xMn_x)SO₄F.^[68,69]