Brief overview of electrochemical potential in lithium ion batteries
Gao Jian1, 2, Shi Si-Qi3, 2, Li Hong1, †,
       

Voltage versus capacity of insertion-compound electrodes (a), and of lithium-alloy anodes and sulfur or oxygen cathodes (b) for a lithium-ion battery. The LUMO and HOMO are for organic liquid-carbonate electrolytes. Oxide structures (top to bottom) are layered LiMO2, spinel Li[M2]O4, and olivine LiMPO4.[43]