Uncovering the underlying physical mechanisms of biological systems via quantification of landscape and flux

Xu Li^{1, †,}, Chu Xiakun¹, Yan Zhiqiang¹, Zheng Xiliang¹, Zhang Kun¹, Zhang Feng¹, Yan Han¹, Wu Wei¹, Wang Jin^{1, 2, ‡,}

Landscapes of different phases (with parameters (a)β= 0.11, (b)β= 0.17). The arrows are schematic, showing the two components of the driving force: the gradient of potential −∇ϕ₀(black arrows) and the fluxV₀(purple arrows).^[23]