Bending energy of a vesicle to which a small spherical particle adhere: An analytical study
Cao Si-Qina), Wei Guang-Honga), Chen Jeff Z. Y.‡b)
       
(a) Conformations in a budding transition: adhesion of a sphere to the membrane from the interior of a vesicle, sphere partially wrapped by the membrane, and a budding state where the sphere is entirely wrapped by the membrane; (b) conformations in an engulfing transition: adhesion of a sphere to the membrane from the exterior of a vesicle, sphere partially wrapped by the membrane, and engulfing of the sphere by the membrane.