Comparison of absorption–dispersion and optical bistability behaviors between open and closed four-level tripod atomic systems
Karimi R., Asadpour S. H.†, Batebi S., Rahimpour Soleimani H.
       
Probe absorption (solid line), probe dispersion (dashed line) versus the probe detuning Δ p for an open system J 1 = J 2 = J 3 = 0.1 γ at (a) θ = 0, ± π , (b) θ = π /4, 3 π /4, (c) θ = ± π /2. Other parameters are the same as those in Fig.  2 .