Comparison of absorption–dispersion and optical bistability behaviors between open and closed four-level tripod atomic systems
Karimi R., Asadpour S. H.†, Batebi S., Rahimpour Soleimani H.
       
(a) Probe absorption and (b) probe dispersion versus the probe detuning and phase difference θ for an open system. J 1 = J 2 = J 3 = 0.1 γ . Other parameters are the same as those in Fig.  2 .