Comparison of absorption–dispersion and optical bistability behaviors between open and closed four-level tripod atomic systems
Karimi R., Asadpour S. H.†, Batebi S., Rahimpour Soleimani H.
       
Probe absorption (solid line), probe dispersion (dashed line) versus the probe detuning Δ p for closed system at (a)  θ = 0 ± π , (b)  θ = π /4,3 π /4, (c)  θ = ± π /2. Other parameters are the same as those in Fig.  2 .