Comparison of absorption–dispersion and optical bistability behaviors between open and closed four-level tripod atomic systems
Karimi R., Asadpour S. H.†, Batebi S., Rahimpour Soleimani H.
       
(a) Probe absorption and (b) probe dispersion versus the probe detuning and θ for closed system. Ω p = 0.01 γ , Ω c = 4 γ , Δ c = 0, Γ 41 = Γ 42 = Γ 43 = γ , Γ 32 = 0, Γ 31 = Γ 21 = 0.001 γ .