Comparison of absorption–dispersion and optical bistability behaviors between open and closed four-level tripod atomic systems
Karimi R., Asadpour S. H.†, Batebi S., Rahimpour Soleimani H.
       
Probe absorption as a function of the phase difference. For closed system (solid line), open system with cavity parameter J 1 = J 2 = J 3 = 0.1 γ (dashed line) and J 1 = 0.1 γ , J 2 = J 3 = 0.2 γ when Ω p = 0.01 γ . The other parameters are the same as those in Fig.  11 .