Standardization of proton-induced x-ray emission technique for analysis of thick samples

Ali Shad^a), Zeb Johar^a), Ahad Abdul^b), Ahmad Ishfaq^b), Haneef M.^a), Akbar Jehan†^a)

(a): Excitation of an atom using a proton beam, (b) ionization of the atom, (c) x-ray emission from the atom.