Controlled mutual quantum entity authentication using entanglement swapping

Kang Min-Sung^a),^b), Hong Chang-Ho^a),^b), Heo Jino^a),^b), Lim Jong-In^a),^b), Yang Hyung-Jin†^a),^b),^c)

Schematic representation of the entanglement swapping of Bell states. (a) Alice prepares two entangled states. A dot (•) represents each qubit and a line (−) denotes entanglements. (b) Alice sends Bob one qubit in each entanglement pair. (c) Alice and Bob respectively perform Bell measurements on each of their own qubits. Consequently, the entanglements between Alice and Bob are swapped.^{[ 23 ]}