Structural and robustness properties of smart-city transportation networks

Zhang Zhen-Gang^a), Ding Zhuo^a), Fan Jing-Fang^b),^c), Meng Jun†^c), Ding Yi-Min^d), Ye Fang-Fu^c), Chen Xiao-Song‡^b)

Subway network fragmentation under random failures and attacks of nodes. The average path length l and the size of the largest component S as a function of the fraction of removed node p for the same systems. (a) and (c) Fragmentation of the network under random failures, l and S decrease with the increase of p , and the phase point is about p ≈ 0.2. (b) and (d) Fragmentation of the network under attack failures, the network is breakdown just though several steps.