Molecular dynamics simulation on generalized stacking fault energies of FCC metals under preloading stress
Zhang Liang, Cheng Lü†, Kiet Tieu, Zhao Xing, Pei Lin-Qing, Guillaume Michal
       
Simulation model for calculating the generalized stacking fault (GSF) energy curve. (a) The starting configuration with perfect fcc lattice. (b) A twinning boundary formed after rigidly displacing the upper block in a (111) plane along a [11-2] direction. Atoms with perfect fcc structure are colored with dark blue, the red atoms represent the stacking fault and the free surface, the light blue atoms indicate the twin fault.