Direct numerical simulation of viscoelastic-fluid-based nanofluid turbulent channel flow with heat transfer
Yang Juan-Chenga),b), Li Feng-Chen†a), Cai Wei-Huaa), Zhang Hong-Naa), Yu Boc)
       
Instantaneous velocity fields in the x – y plane for three typical fluid flows ( Re τ = 180). (a) BF1-N case, (b) VBF1-N case, and (c) VFBN1-N case.