A new mixed subgrid-scale model for large eddy simulation of turbulent drag-reducing flows of viscoelastic fluids |
Turbulent energy spectrum for (a) the Newtonian fluid case and (b) λ = 0.05, β = 0.8 in viscoelastic fluid at Re = 333 (the dotted line represents the Kolmogorov hypothesis E ( k ) ∼ k −5/3). |