High coupling efficiency and low signal light loss (2 + 1) × 1 coupler*
Chen Xiaoa), Xiao Qi-Rongb), Jin Guang-Yonga), Yan Pingb), Gong Ma-Lib)†
       
Coupling efficiencies of (2 + 1) × 1 couplers with the same input mode field and the different tapered lengths. (a) Tapered length 8 cm, and coupling efficiency 89.66%; (b) tapered length 15 cm, and coupling efficiency 90.99%.