Theoretical models for designing a 220-GHz folded waveguide backward wave oscillator*
Cai Jin-Chia),b)†, Hu Lin-Linb), Ma Guo-Wub), Chen Hong-Binb), Jin Xiaob), Chen Huai-Bia)
       
Periodic phase shift in starting oscillation situation. In the figure, curve 1 corresponds to πN [1 − ( c / v e)·( p / a )], curve 3 corresponds to πN [3 − ( c / v e)·( p / a )], curve 5 corresponds to πN [5 − ( c / v e)·( p / a )].