Two waveguide layers in lithium niobate crystal formed by swift heavy Kr ion irradiation*
Liu Taoa),b), Huang Qingc), Zhao Jin-Huad), Kong Wei-Jina),b), Liu Penge), Zhang Liane), Zhou Yu-Fane), Yu Xiao-Feie), Wang Leie), Wang Xue-Line)†
       
(a) Electronic ( S e) and nuclear ( S n) energy losses of 1.7 GeV Kr ions simulated by SRIM 2010 software; the effect of Al foils is taken into consideration; (b) the reconstructed refractive index profile ( n e) of the Kr-ions-irradiated LN waveguide at 633 nm; (c) the estimated refractive index profile ( n e) of the Kr-ions-irradiated LN waveguide at 4 μm.