Abnormal ionization in sonoluminescence*
Zhang Wen-Juana),b), An Yua)†
       
Radiation pulses per flash of the bubble ( R 0 = 3.1 μm and p a = 1.32 atm) calculated with the present method (solid line) and the standard method (dotted line). The two lines have the same horizontal axis but different vertical axes. The solid and dotted lines correspond to the left and right vertical axes, respectively. The marked points B , B 1, and A , C , A 1, C 1 correspond to the times near the highest point and the half-height of the pulse respectively, at which the ionization energies, degrees of ionization, and opacities of the bubble are compared.