Real-space observation of individual skyrmions in helimagnetic nanostripes |
Schematic diagram of magnetic TIE analysis in the skyrmion state. Three images in the same region under different defocus conditions [(a) in-focus, (b) under-focus, and (c) over-focus. Δ z = 90 μm] are acquired by using Lorentz TEM. (d) The phase image was created from the three Lorentz micrographs by applying Eq. ( 1 ). (e) The in-plane magnetization distribution map was generated from phase image by applying Eq. ( 2 ). The color wheel represents the magnetization direction at every point. |