中国物理B ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 70704-070704.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ae4580

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A dual-Helmholtz-coil magnetic field system for polarized 3He

Jian Tang(唐健)1,2,3,4, Zecong Qin(秦泽聪)1,2,4, Yunfei Li(李云飞)1,2, Long Tian(田龙)1,2,4, Bin Wang(王斌)1,2,4,5, Qingbo Zheng(郑清波)1,2,3,4, Yujie Zheng(郑玉杰)1,2,4, Junsong Xie(谢俊松)1,2,4, Han Gao(高寒)1,2,6, Yuan Yao(姚远)1,2,7, Jun Li(李君)1,2,4, Tianhao Wang(王天昊)1,2,3,4,†, Junpei Zhang(张俊佩)1,2,3,4,‡, and Xin Tong(童欣)1,2,3,4,§   

  1. 1 Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China;
    2 Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China;
    3 School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    4 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Extreme Conditions, Dongguan 523803, China;
    5 Center for Neutron Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
    6 Center for Neutron Scattering and Advanced Light Sources, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China;
    7 Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-20 修回日期:2026-01-23 接受日期:2026-02-13 出版日期:2026-07-02 发布日期:2026-07-02
  • 通讯作者: Tianhao Wang, Junpei Zhang, Xin Tong E-mail:wangtianhao@ihep.ac.cn;zhangjunpei@ihep.ac.cn;tongxin@ihep.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    This work was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (Grant No. 12425512), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U2230207 and 11875265), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2019B1515120079), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Extreme Conditions (Grant No. 2023B1212010002), and Dongguan Polarized Neutron Key Laboratory.

A dual-Helmholtz-coil magnetic field system for polarized 3He

Jian Tang(唐健)1,2,3,4, Zecong Qin(秦泽聪)1,2,4, Yunfei Li(李云飞)1,2, Long Tian(田龙)1,2,4, Bin Wang(王斌)1,2,4,5, Qingbo Zheng(郑清波)1,2,3,4, Yujie Zheng(郑玉杰)1,2,4, Junsong Xie(谢俊松)1,2,4, Han Gao(高寒)1,2,6, Yuan Yao(姚远)1,2,7, Jun Li(李君)1,2,4, Tianhao Wang(王天昊)1,2,3,4,†, Junpei Zhang(张俊佩)1,2,3,4,‡, and Xin Tong(童欣)1,2,3,4,§   

  1. 1 Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China;
    2 Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China;
    3 School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    4 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Extreme Conditions, Dongguan 523803, China;
    5 Center for Neutron Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
    6 Center for Neutron Scattering and Advanced Light Sources, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China;
    7 Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
  • Received:2025-11-20 Revised:2026-01-23 Accepted:2026-02-13 Online:2026-07-02 Published:2026-07-02
  • Contact: Tianhao Wang, Junpei Zhang, Xin Tong E-mail:wangtianhao@ihep.ac.cn;zhangjunpei@ihep.ac.cn;tongxin@ihep.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (Grant No. 12425512), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U2230207 and 11875265), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2019B1515120079), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Extreme Conditions (Grant No. 2023B1212010002), and Dongguan Polarized Neutron Key Laboratory.

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摘要： This study focuses on developing a dual-Helmholtz-coil magnetic field system for polarized $^3$He to generate a uniform magnetic field. A theoretical analysis of the mechanism by which dual Helmholtz coils produce a uniform magnetic field was first conducted. Based on these findings, the magnetic device was designed with the finite element analysis software COMSOL, employing an optimization algorithm to efficiently set current densities and minimize the transverse gradient in the central region. The simulated transverse gradient achieved was 9.54$\times10^{-5}$ cm$^{-1}$ in the 20 cm$\times$20 cm$\times$8 cm central region, and the experimental measurement yielded a value of 6.31$\times10^{-4}$ cm$^{-1}$. Additionally, lifetime testing of two polarized $^3$He cells revealed lifetimes of 151.0$\pm$1.8 h and 206.2$\pm$4.4 h, demonstrating the excellent magnetic field uniformity of the device. The current work integrates theoretical, simulated, and experimental results. It advances polarized $^3$He magnetic technology, offers an upgrade solution for off situ polarized $^3$He pumping stations to extend the volume of the uniform magnetic field without enlarging the coil size, and provides a method for using polarized $^3$He on neutron beamlines requiring large acceptance angles.

关键词: polarized $^3$He, dual Helmholtz coils, magnetic field uniformity, finite element analysis, lifetime testing

Abstract: This study focuses on developing a dual-Helmholtz-coil magnetic field system for polarized $^3$He to generate a uniform magnetic field. A theoretical analysis of the mechanism by which dual Helmholtz coils produce a uniform magnetic field was first conducted. Based on these findings, the magnetic device was designed with the finite element analysis software COMSOL, employing an optimization algorithm to efficiently set current densities and minimize the transverse gradient in the central region. The simulated transverse gradient achieved was 9.54$\times10^{-5}$ cm$^{-1}$ in the 20 cm$\times$20 cm$\times$8 cm central region, and the experimental measurement yielded a value of 6.31$\times10^{-4}$ cm$^{-1}$. Additionally, lifetime testing of two polarized $^3$He cells revealed lifetimes of 151.0$\pm$1.8 h and 206.2$\pm$4.4 h, demonstrating the excellent magnetic field uniformity of the device. The current work integrates theoretical, simulated, and experimental results. It advances polarized $^3$He magnetic technology, offers an upgrade solution for off situ polarized $^3$He pumping stations to extend the volume of the uniform magnetic field without enlarging the coil size, and provides a method for using polarized $^3$He on neutron beamlines requiring large acceptance angles.

Key words: polarized $^3$He, dual Helmholtz coils, magnetic field uniformity, finite element analysis, lifetime testing

中图分类号:  (Magnetic instruments and components)

  • 07.55.-w
67.30.ep (Spin polarized 3He) 96.15.Gh (Magnetic field and magnetism)