中国物理B ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 14201-014201.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ade24c

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Highly sensitive, multi-stage, and mid-infrared refractive index sensor based on photonic spin Hall effect

Jiaye Ding(丁嘉烨)1,†, Chenglong Wang(汪承龙)1,2,†, Shengli Liu(刘胜利)1, Peng Dong(董鹏)3,á, and Jie Cheng(程杰)1,§   

  1. 1 School of Science, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Low Dimensional Physics and New Energy, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China;
    2 College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China;
    3 College of Electronic Information Engineering & College of Integrated Circuits, Research Center of Intelligent Sensor and Network Engineering Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-08 修回日期:2025-05-29 接受日期:2025-06-09 发布日期:2026-01-05
  • 通讯作者: Peng Dong, Jie Cheng E-mail:2021101298@niit.edu.cn;chengj@njupt.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12175107), the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province, the Hua Li Talents Program of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology (Grant No. YK22-02-08), and the Fund from the Research Center of Industrial Perception and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Engineering of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. ZK21-05-09).

Highly sensitive, multi-stage, and mid-infrared refractive index sensor based on photonic spin Hall effect

Jiaye Ding(丁嘉烨)1,†, Chenglong Wang(汪承龙)1,2,†, Shengli Liu(刘胜利)1, Peng Dong(董鹏)3,á, and Jie Cheng(程杰)1,§   

  1. 1 School of Science, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Low Dimensional Physics and New Energy, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China;
    2 College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China;
    3 College of Electronic Information Engineering & College of Integrated Circuits, Research Center of Intelligent Sensor and Network Engineering Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
  • Received:2025-04-08 Revised:2025-05-29 Accepted:2025-06-09 Published:2026-01-05
  • Contact: Peng Dong, Jie Cheng E-mail:2021101298@niit.edu.cn;chengj@njupt.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12175107), the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province, the Hua Li Talents Program of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology (Grant No. YK22-02-08), and the Fund from the Research Center of Industrial Perception and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Engineering of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. ZK21-05-09).

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摘要： Surface polaritons, as surface electromagnetic waves propagating along the surface of a medium, have played a crucial role in enhancing photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) and developing highly sensitive refractive index (RI) sensors. Among them, the traditional surface plasmon polariton (SPP) based on noble metals limits its application beyond the near-infrared (IR) regime due to the large negative permittivity and optical losses. In this contribution, we theoretically proposed a highly sensitive PSHE sensor with the structure of Ge prism-SiC-Si:InAs-sensing medium, by taking advantage of the hybrid surface plasmon phonon polariton (SPPhP) in mid-IR regime. Here, heavily Si-doped InAs (Si:InAs) and SiC excite the SPP and surface phonon polariton (SPhP), and the hybrid SPPhP is realized in this system. More importantly, the designed PSHE sensor based on this SPPhP mechanism achieves the multi-stage RI measurements from 1.00025-1.00225 to 1.70025-1.70225, and the maximal intensity sensitivity and angle sensitivity can be up to 9.4$\times10^{4}$μm/RIU and 245 $^\circ$/RIU, respectively. These findings provide a new pathway for the enhancement of PSHE in mid-IR regime, and offer new opportunities to develop highly sensitive RI sensors in multi-scenario applications, such as harmful gas monitoring and biosensing.

关键词: refractive index (RI) sensor, photonic spin Hall effect, mid-IR, multi-stage

Abstract: Surface polaritons, as surface electromagnetic waves propagating along the surface of a medium, have played a crucial role in enhancing photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) and developing highly sensitive refractive index (RI) sensors. Among them, the traditional surface plasmon polariton (SPP) based on noble metals limits its application beyond the near-infrared (IR) regime due to the large negative permittivity and optical losses. In this contribution, we theoretically proposed a highly sensitive PSHE sensor with the structure of Ge prism-SiC-Si:InAs-sensing medium, by taking advantage of the hybrid surface plasmon phonon polariton (SPPhP) in mid-IR regime. Here, heavily Si-doped InAs (Si:InAs) and SiC excite the SPP and surface phonon polariton (SPhP), and the hybrid SPPhP is realized in this system. More importantly, the designed PSHE sensor based on this SPPhP mechanism achieves the multi-stage RI measurements from 1.00025-1.00225 to 1.70025-1.70225, and the maximal intensity sensitivity and angle sensitivity can be up to 9.4$\times10^{4}$μm/RIU and 245 $^\circ$/RIU, respectively. These findings provide a new pathway for the enhancement of PSHE in mid-IR regime, and offer new opportunities to develop highly sensitive RI sensors in multi-scenario applications, such as harmful gas monitoring and biosensing.

Key words: refractive index (RI) sensor, photonic spin Hall effect, mid-IR, multi-stage

中图分类号:  (Wave optics)

  • 42.25.-p
41.20.Jb (Electromagnetic wave propagation; radiowave propagation) 42.79.-e (Optical elements, devices, and systems) 78.20.Ci (Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity))