中国物理B ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 75203-075203.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adca15

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A kinetic simulation study of glow discharges within millimeter-scale hollow anode

Yaoyu Ren(任耀宇)1 and Chaohui Lan(蓝朝晖)1,2,†   

  1. 1 School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;
    2 State Key Laboratory of Space Environment Interaction with Matters, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-21 修回日期:2025-03-21 接受日期:2025-04-08 出版日期:2025-06-18 发布日期:2025-07-10
  • 通讯作者: Chaohui Lan E-mail:lanchaohui@hit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    Project partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12275060 and 12075223) and the Fund from Frontier Science Center for Interaction between Space Environment and Matter (Grant No. 5740401024).

A kinetic simulation study of glow discharges within millimeter-scale hollow anode

Yaoyu Ren(任耀宇)1 and Chaohui Lan(蓝朝晖)1,2,†   

  1. 1 School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;
    2 State Key Laboratory of Space Environment Interaction with Matters, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
  • Received:2025-01-21 Revised:2025-03-21 Accepted:2025-04-08 Online:2025-06-18 Published:2025-07-10
  • Contact: Chaohui Lan E-mail:lanchaohui@hit.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Project partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12275060 and 12075223) and the Fund from Frontier Science Center for Interaction between Space Environment and Matter (Grant No. 5740401024).

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摘要： This paper presents a numerical simulation of DC glow discharge at 2 Torr (1 Torr = 1.33322$\times10^2$ Pa) with a microhollow anode, using a two-dimensional (2D) PIC/MCC code to explore the impact of the hollow anode structure on discharge characteristics. Simulation results show that the plasma density in the anode channel decreases exponentially along the $x$-direction towards the outlet while the electric potential decreases linearly. The electron temperature, derived from the relationship between density and electric potential, shows a good agreement with the calculated temperature. The potential peak at the inlet, along with the grounded anode, forms a transverse potential well that draws electrons toward the center of the channel. The $x$-direction electric field, generated by the potential difference between the inlet and outlet of the anode, directs electrons toward the inlet of the anode. Low-energy electrons are confined within the potential well, while very few high-energy electrons outlet the channel. The hollow anode structure serves as a collimator for electrons, leading to an increment of moderate-velocity electron flux in the anode channel. Shortening the anode leads to a slower rate of density decrease, resulting in a higher density at the outlet.

关键词: hollow anode, micro-discharge, PIC/MCC simulation, non-thermal electrons

Abstract: This paper presents a numerical simulation of DC glow discharge at 2 Torr (1 Torr = 1.33322$\times10^2$ Pa) with a microhollow anode, using a two-dimensional (2D) PIC/MCC code to explore the impact of the hollow anode structure on discharge characteristics. Simulation results show that the plasma density in the anode channel decreases exponentially along the $x$-direction towards the outlet while the electric potential decreases linearly. The electron temperature, derived from the relationship between density and electric potential, shows a good agreement with the calculated temperature. The potential peak at the inlet, along with the grounded anode, forms a transverse potential well that draws electrons toward the center of the channel. The $x$-direction electric field, generated by the potential difference between the inlet and outlet of the anode, directs electrons toward the inlet of the anode. Low-energy electrons are confined within the potential well, while very few high-energy electrons outlet the channel. The hollow anode structure serves as a collimator for electrons, leading to an increment of moderate-velocity electron flux in the anode channel. Shortening the anode leads to a slower rate of density decrease, resulting in a higher density at the outlet.

Key words: hollow anode, micro-discharge, PIC/MCC simulation, non-thermal electrons

中图分类号:  (Plasma simulation)

  • 52.65.-y
51.50.+v (Electrical properties) 52.80.Hc (Glow; corona)