Broadband third-order optical nonlinearities of layered franckeite towards mid-infrared regime

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ad6ccb

中国物理B ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 104208-104208.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ad6ccb

Broadband third-order optical nonlinearities of layered franckeite towards mid-infrared regime

Zhi-Qiang Xu(徐志强)¹, Tian-Tian Zhou(周甜甜)¹, Jie Li(李洁)², Dong-Yang Liu(刘东阳)¹, Yuan He(何源)¹, Ning Li(李宁)¹, Xiao Liu(刘潇)¹, Li-Li Miao(缪丽丽)^1,†, Chu-Jun Zhao(赵楚军)¹, and Shuang-Chun Wen(文双春)¹

1 Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
2 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China

收稿日期:2024-06-18 修回日期:2024-07-15 接受日期:2024-08-08 发布日期:2024-09-19
通讯作者: Li-Li Miao E-mail:lilimiao@hnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61975055), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 2023JJ30165), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. ZR2022QF005), and the Doctoral Fund of University of Heze (Grant No. XY22BS14).

Broadband third-order optical nonlinearities of layered franckeite towards mid-infrared regime

1 Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
2 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China

Received:2024-06-18 Revised:2024-07-15 Accepted:2024-08-08 Published:2024-09-19
Contact: Li-Li Miao E-mail:lilimiao@hnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61975055), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 2023JJ30165), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. ZR2022QF005), and the Doctoral Fund of University of Heze (Grant No. XY22BS14).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： The study of nonlinear optical responses in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) regime is essential for advancing ultrafast mid-IR laser applications. However, nonlinear optical effects under mid-IR excitation are rarely reported due to the lack of suitable nonlinear optical materials. The natural van der Waals heterostructure franckeite, known for its narrow bandgap and stability in air, shows great potential for developing mid-IR nonlinear optical devices. We have experimentally demonstrated that layered franckeite exhibits a broadband wavelength-dependent nonlinear optical response in the mid-IR spectral region. Franckeite nanosheets were prepared using a liquid-phase exfoliation method, and their nonlinear optical response was characterized in the spectral range of 3000 nm to 5000 nm. The franckeite nanosheets exhibit broadband wavelength-dependent third-order nonlinearities, with nonlinear absorption and refraction coefficients estimated to be about 10$^{-7}$ cm/W and 10$^{-11}$ cm$^{2}$/W, respectively. Additionally, a passively $Q$-switched fluoride fiber laser operating around a wavelength of 2800 nm was achieved, delivering nanosecond pulses with a signal-to-noise ratio of 43.6 dB, based on the nonlinear response of franckeite. These findings indicate that layered franckeite possesses broadband nonlinear optical characteristics in the mid-IR region, potentially enabling new possibilities for mid-IR photonic devices.

关键词: third-order optical nonlinearities, franckeite, mid-infrared, $Q$-switching

Abstract: The study of nonlinear optical responses in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) regime is essential for advancing ultrafast mid-IR laser applications. However, nonlinear optical effects under mid-IR excitation are rarely reported due to the lack of suitable nonlinear optical materials. The natural van der Waals heterostructure franckeite, known for its narrow bandgap and stability in air, shows great potential for developing mid-IR nonlinear optical devices. We have experimentally demonstrated that layered franckeite exhibits a broadband wavelength-dependent nonlinear optical response in the mid-IR spectral region. Franckeite nanosheets were prepared using a liquid-phase exfoliation method, and their nonlinear optical response was characterized in the spectral range of 3000 nm to 5000 nm. The franckeite nanosheets exhibit broadband wavelength-dependent third-order nonlinearities, with nonlinear absorption and refraction coefficients estimated to be about 10$^{-7}$ cm/W and 10$^{-11}$ cm$^{2}$/W, respectively. Additionally, a passively $Q$-switched fluoride fiber laser operating around a wavelength of 2800 nm was achieved, delivering nanosecond pulses with a signal-to-noise ratio of 43.6 dB, based on the nonlinear response of franckeite. These findings indicate that layered franckeite possesses broadband nonlinear optical characteristics in the mid-IR region, potentially enabling new possibilities for mid-IR photonic devices.

Key words: third-order optical nonlinearities, franckeite, mid-infrared, $Q$-switching

中图分类号: (Nonlinear optics)

42.65.-k

42.65.Re (Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression) 42.55.Wd (Fiber lasers) 42.70.Nq (Other nonlinear optical materials; photorefractive and semiconductor materials)

Zhi-Qiang Xu(徐志强), Tian-Tian Zhou(周甜甜), Jie Li(李洁), Dong-Yang Liu(刘东阳), Yuan He(何源), Ning Li(李宁), Xiao Liu(刘潇), Li-Li Miao(缪丽丽), Chu-Jun Zhao(赵楚军), and Shuang-Chun Wen(文双春). Broadband third-order optical nonlinearities of layered franckeite towards mid-infrared regime[J]. 中国物理B, 2024, 33(10): 104208-104208.

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Broadband third-order optical nonlinearities of layered franckeite towards mid-infrared regime

Broadband third-order optical nonlinearities of layered franckeite towards mid-infrared regime

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