A: (a) In-plane strain (ε₁₁)–electric field loop along the [100] direction of PMN-PT. (b)–(j) The rotation history of the MEA in the Co film with a sequence of electric fields (labeled by corresponding symbols on the strain curve) applied to PMN-PT along the [100] direction in order from panel (b) to panel (j). In panel (e), after the field of 5 kV·cm⁻¹ is switched off, the MEA does not go back to 0° but remains at 90°. B: The magnetization domain at stages 1–4 under a stimuli sequence of ±5 kV·cm⁻¹ (up and down pulses denoting respectively +5 kV·cm⁻¹ and −5 kV·cm⁻¹) accompanied by the H_per of 2 Oe induced by the polarization switching current. An auxiliary field H_au is used to return the magnetization to stage 1 from stage 4.^[193]