Intense source of cold cesium atoms based on a two-dimensional magneto–optical trap with independent axial cooling and pushing

Huang Jia-Qiang^{1, 3}, Yan Xue-Shu^{2, 3}, Wu Chen-Fei^{1, 3}, Zhang Jian-Wei^{2, 3}, Wang Li-Jun^{1, 2, 3, †,}

Signal of the cold cesium atomic beam in different conditions: (a) the 4 − 5′ hyperfine spectral lines: both hollow and pushing beams on (black solid line), only pushing beam on (red dashed line), only hollow beam on (blue dotted line); (b) the axial velocity distribution: only pushing beam on (red dashed line), both hollow and pushing beam on (black solid line).