Strategies to curb structural changes of lithium/transition metal oxide cathode materials & the changes’ effects on thermal & cycling stability
Yu Xiqian, Hu Enyuan, Bak Seongmin, Zhou Yong-Ning, Yang Xiao-Qing†,
       

Crystal field splitting of the transition metal 3d orbital in tetrahedral and octahedral environments. The tetrahedral crystal field splitting energyΔtis smaller than the octahedral crystal field splitting energyΔ0and yields the relationshipΔt= 4/9Δ0. The site preference of the transition metal ion can be predicted by crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) calculated based on its electron configuration.