A cellular automaton model for the ventricular myocardium considering the layer structure
Deng Min-Yi†, Dai Jing-Yu, Zhang Xue-Liang
       
CA model for a ventricle slice. (a) Ventricle slice containing three layers. Transmembrane potentials of (b) endocardial cells, (c) subepicardial cells, (d) epicardial cells. Symbols ∘, •, and ★ represent the rest, the excited, and the refractory states, respectively.