A study of the early warning signals of abrupt change in the Pacific decadal oscillation
Wu Hao†a),b), Hou Weib), Yan Peng-Chengb),c), Zhang Zhi-Senb),c), Wang Kuod)
       
Curves of PDO index sequence changing with time (The bars represents the value of the PDO index: red for positive, blue for negative; and, a black curve for the trend information extracted from moving average).