Photoluminescence of rare-earth ion (Eu3+, Tm3+, and Er3+)-doped and co-doped ZnNb2O6 for solar cells

Photoluminescence of rare-earth ion (Eu³⁺, Tm³⁺, and Er³⁺)-doped and co-doped ZnNb₂O₆ for solar cells

Gao Sen-Pei^a),^b), Qian Yan-Nan^c), Wang Biao†^a),^b)

The energy diagram level of Eu³⁺, Tm³⁺, and Er³⁺ ions, as well as a simple model illustration of the energy transfers from the NbO₆ groups to the RE ions.