Direct numerical simulation of viscoelastic-fluid-based nanofluid turbulent channel flow with heat transfer
Yang Juan-Chenga),b), Li Feng-Chen†a), Cai Wei-Huaa), Zhang Hong-Naa), Yu Boc)
       
Mean velocity profiles for different fluid flows at Re τ = 180. Comparisons (a) between BF and VBF cases and (b) between VBF and VFBN cases.