Direct numerical simulation of viscoelastic-fluid-based nanofluid turbulent channel flow with heat transfer
Yang Juan-Chenga),b), Li Feng-Chen†a), Cai Wei-Huaa), Zhang Hong-Naa), Yu Boc)
       
Instantaneous distributions of the near-wall low-temperature streaks for four typical cases in the x – z plane at y + = 6.9 for (a) BF4-N flow and (b) NF3-N flow, and at y + = 4.1 for (c) VBF1-N flow and (d) VFBN3-N flow.