Universal quantum computation using all-optical hybrid encoding*
Guo Qia),b), Cheng Liu-Yonga), Wang Hong-Fub), Zhang Shoua),b)†
       
Schematic diagram of the hybrid-qubit Hadamard transformation. D (± i γ ) represents the displacement operation, and θ stands for the weak cross-Kerr medium. PBS: polarization beam splitter. HWP: half-wave plate oriented at 22.5°. 1 (1') and 2 (2') indicate different spatial modes of the single photon. ODC: optical directional coupler, which is used to combine spatial modes 1 and 2 to one mode. The diagram at the right represents the circuit shown at the left.