Spin-valley quantum Hall phases in graphene
Tian Hong-Yu†
       
Edge-state band structure of the spin-up (black lines) and spin-down (red lines) electron of a zigzag graphene ribbon. Parameters are Δ = 0.01 t , M = 0.02 t in panels (a) and (c) (the phase 3) and Δ = 0.01 t , M = 0.01 t in panels (b) and (d) (the phase 2).