Chin. Phys. B

Select

Sub-strategy updating evolution in minority game

Yang Wei-Song, Wang Bing-Hong, He Peng, Wang Wei-Ning, Quan Hong-Jun, Xie Yan-Bo

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 931-935 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/001
Full Text:

[PDF 220 KB] (Downloads:344)

Show Abstract

In this paper, we propose and study a new evolution model of minority game. Any strategy in minority game can be regarded as composed of sub-strategies corresponding to different histories. Based on the evolution model proposed by Li－Riolo－Savit, in which those agents that perform poorly may update their strategies randomly. This paper presents a new evolution model in which poor agents update their strategies by changing only a part of sub-strategy sets with low success rate. Simulation result shows that the new model with sub-strategy-set updating evolution mechanism may approach its steady state more quickly than the Li－Riolo－Savit model. In the steady state of the new model, stronger adaptive cooperation among agents will appear, implying that the social resource can be allocated more rationally and utilized more effectively compared with the Li－Riolo－Savit model.

Select

Exact invariants and adiabatic invariants of the singular Lagrange system

Chen Xiang-Wei, Li Yan-Min

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 936-939 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/002
Full Text:

[PDF 197 KB] (Downloads:394)

+

Show Abstract

Based on the theory of symmetries and conserved quantities of the singular Lagrange system, the perturbations to the symmetries and adiabatic invariants of the singular Lagrange systems are discussed. Firstly, the concept of higher-order adiabatic invariants of the singular Lagrange system is proposed. Then, the conditions for the existence of the exact invariants and adiabatic invariants are proved, and their forms are given. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate these results.

Select

Generalized Riccati equation expansion method and its application to the Bogoyavlenskii's generalized breaking soliton equation

Chen Yong, Li Biao, Zhang Hong-Qing

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 940-945 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/003
Full Text:

[PDF 226 KB] (Downloads:558)

+

Show Abstract

Based on the computerized symbolic system Maple and a Riccati equation, a Riccati equation expansion method is presented by a general ansatz. Compared with most of the existing tanh methods, the extended tanh-function method, the modified extended tanh-function method and generalized hyperbolic-function method, the proposed method is more powerful. By use of the method, we not only can successfully recover the previously known formal solutions but also construct new and more general formal solutions for some nonlinear differential equations. Making use of the method, we study the Bogoyavlenskii's generalized breaking soliton equation and obtain rich new families of the exact solutions, including the non-travelling wave and coefficient functions' soliton-like solutions, singular soliton-like solutions, periodic form solutions.

Select

Effect of signal modulating noise in bistable stochastic dynamical systems

Xiao Fang-Hong, Yan Gui-Rong, Zhang Xin-Wu

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 946-950 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/004
Full Text:

[PDF 220 KB] (Downloads:387)

+

Show Abstract

The effect of signal modulating noise in bistable stochastic dynamical systems is studied. The concept of instantaneous steady state is proposed for bistable dynamical systems. By making a dynamical analysis of bistable stochastic systems, we find that global and local effect of signal modulating noise as well as stochastic resonance can occur in bistable dynamical systems on which both a weak sinusoidal signal and noise are forced. The effect is demonstrated by numerical simulation.

Select

Effect of concentration of Er³⁺ ions on ultra-large index of refraction via atomic coherence in Er³⁺: YAG crystal

Zhang Hui-Fang, Dai Zhen-Wen, Zhang Bing, Wu Jin-Hui, Gao Jin-Yue

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 964-970 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/007
Full Text:

[PDF 268 KB] (Downloads:330)

+

Show Abstract

A four-level system is proposed to produce large index of refraction accompanied by vanishing absorption in the Er^{3+}-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystal. It is found that the high index of refraction with zero absorption can be provided by adjusting the incoherent pumping, the coherent field, as well as the concentration of Er^{3+} ions in the crystal. Furthermore, the value of the incoherent pump to achieve the high index of refraction with zero absorption is greatly changed with increasing the concentration of Er^{3+} ions in the crystal. This indicates that the effect of concentration on the high index of refraction with zero absorption cannot be neglected.

Select

Entangled states in the two-mode coherent fields interacting with a two-level atom

Liu Xiao-Juan, Fang Mao-Fa

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 971-976 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/008
Full Text:

[PDF 241 KB] (Downloads:475)

+

Show Abstract

We investigate the entanglement properties of the two-mode coherent fields interacting with a two-level atom via the two-photon transition. We discuss the quantum entanglement between the two-mode coherent fields and the two-level atom by using the quantum reduced entropy and that between the two-mode coherent fields by using the quantum relative entropy. We also examine the influences of the initial states of the atom and the two-mode coherent fields on the quantum entanglement of the system. Our results show that three types of entangled states can be prepared via the two-mode coherent fields interacting with a two-level atom and choosing appropriately the initial-state parameters of the system.

Select

Efficient scheme for the preparation of arbitrary anticorrelated states of a two-mode field

Zheng Shi-Biao

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 977-980 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/009
Full Text:

[PDF 194 KB] (Downloads:324)

+

Show Abstract

A scheme is presented for generating any anticorrelated state of a two-mode field. In the scheme a sequence of suitably prepared three-level V-type atoms are sent across a two-mode cavity initially in the vacuum state. The detection of all the atoms in the ground state collapses the two-mode field to the desired state.

Select

Mode correlation and coherent-mode decomposition of laser beams

Zhang Bin, Wen Qiao, Chu Xiao-Liang

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 981-985 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/010
Full Text:

[PDF 216 KB] (Downloads:390)

+

Show Abstract

Theory of the coherent-mode decomposition of laser beams is proposed. The new model for the flat-topped beams proposed by Li recently is taken as an example. The analytical expressions for the M^2-factor and mode coherence coefficients of flat-topped beams have been derived in the rectangular coordinate system, by means of which the mode correlation, mode structure, and coherent-mode decomposition of flat-topped beams can be analysed.

Select

Experimental study on the chirped structure of the white-light continuum generation by femtosecond laser spectroscopy

Quan Dong-Hui, Liu Shi-Lin, Zhang Lei, Yang Jian, Wang Li, Yang Guo-Zhen, Weng Yu-Xiang

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 986-991 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/011
Full Text:

[PDF 234 KB] (Downloads:437)

+

Show Abstract

The chirped structure of the white-light continuum generation (WLCG) pulse produced by focusing 800nm laser pulse with a pulse duration of 150fs (FWHM: full-width-at-half-maximum) onto a 2.4 mm thick sapphire plate was investigated by the optical Kerr gate technique with normal hexane as the optical Kerr gate medium. The observed WLCG was positively chirped, the measured anti-Stokes spectrum of WLCG ranges from 449 to 580nm with a temporal span of 2.56ps. When using metal reflecting mirrors to eliminate the group velocity dispersion (GVD) effect, we found that a span of 1.3ps still remained, indicating that the chirped pulse cannot be accounted for simply by GVD of the pulse propagation in the dispersive media. Our results suggest that the light-induced refractive index change due to the third-order nonlinear optical effect leads to an additional positive group velocity dispersion, which contributes to an important portion of the observed temporal broadening of the chirped WLCG. In addition to using reflective optical elements instead of dispersive optical elements, an effective way of reducing the chirp is to minimize the optical path length of the WLCG medium.

Select

Theoretical study of enhancement and suppression of the fluorescent spectra of dye molecules in a photonic crystal with a pseudogap

Liu Xiao-Dong, Xu Xing-Sheng, Wang Yi-Quan, Zhang Dao-Zhong, Cheng Bing-Ying

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 992-996 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/012
Full Text:

[PDF 239 KB] (Downloads:409)

+

Show Abstract

We have investigated the analytical forms of the photonic density of states (DOS) in a photonic crystal in the interested frequency regime according to the rule of state conservation in a photonic crystal with pseudogaps, which states that, if a valley of the DOS appears in some range of frequencies, it must be compensated for by increasing over some other ranges. By using a model DOS with a state-conservative photonic pseudogap, we have also investigated the enhancement and suppression of spontaneous emission of two-level atoms with different frequency positions and widths of emission spectra in a state-conservative electromagnetic reservoir; and the DOS-induced suppression, enhancement, narrowing and redshifting or blueshifting of spontaneous emission spectra are naturally obtained.

Select

Spectral properties of erbium-doped heavy metal oxyfluoride silicate glasses for broadband amplification

Xu Shi-Qing, Yang Zhong-Min, Dai Shi-Xun, Yang Jian-Hu, Dai Neng-Li, Lin Ao-Xiang, Hu Li-Li, Jiang Zhong-Hong

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 997-1000 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/013
Full Text:

[PDF 220 KB] (Downloads:480)

+

Show Abstract

Erbium-doped glasses showing a wide 1.55μm emission band are reported in a novel heavy metal oxyfluoride glass system SiO_2－PbO－PbF_2 and their optical properties such as emission spectra, fluorescence lifetime and the refractive index have been investigated. The broad and flat {}^4I_{13/2}→{}^4I_{15/2} emission of Er^{3+} ions around 1.55μm can be used as host materials for potential optical amplifiers in wavelength-division-multiplexing network system. We find that with increasing PbF_2 content in the glass composition, the fluorescence full width at half maximum and fluorescence lifetime of the {}^4I_{13/2} level of Er^{3+} increase, while refractive index and density decrease.

Select

Study of the behaviour of the fibre Bragg grating fabricated with cladding mode suppression fibre

Xu Xin-Hua, Lü Chang-Gui, Cui Yi-Ping

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 1001-1006 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/014
Full Text:

[PDF 251 KB] (Downloads:415)

+

Show Abstract

One effective method for suppression of coupling from guided optical modes into cladding modes in an optical fibre Bragg grating is to use cladding mode suppression fibre. In this specially engineered fibre, the grating is written into the core and the inner cladding, both of which are photosensitive. A theory is presented in this paper to analyse the spectral characteristics of this kind of gratings. A fibre Bragg grating was experimentally fabricated with this kind of photosensitive fibre (PS-RMS-50 from StockerYale). It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that such gratings exhibit strong suppression of the coupling between core mode and cladding mode. The experimental result is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.

Select

Energies and Auger widths of the triply excited states of He^-

Gou Bing-Cong, Yu Kai-Zhi, Wang Fei, Wu Xiao-Li

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 951-954 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/005
Full Text:

[PDF 194 KB] (Downloads:268)

+

Show Abstract

Some triply excited states of He^- ion are studied using the saddle-point complex-rotation method. The energies and Auger widths of these resonances are calculated with the relativistic corrections and mass polarization taken into account. The total Auger width is obtained by coupling the important open channels and summing over the other channels. These results are in good agreement with other theoretical and experimental data in the literature.

Select

Magnetic guide of cold atoms using a U-shaped current-carrying conductor

Liu Nan-Chun, Yin Jian-Ping

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 955-963 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/006
Full Text:

[PDF 387 KB] (Downloads:346)

+

Show Abstract

We propose a new scheme to magnetically guide cold neutral atoms using a U-shaped current carrying conductor. The spatial magnetic field distribution from the U-shaped current-carrying conductor and the relationship between the magnetic field and parameters of the U-shaped conductor are analysed. Our study shows that U-shaped current-carrying conductor can be used to realize single- or double-channel magnetic guiding of cold atoms in weak-field-seeking states and to construct various atom-optical elements. By using Monte Carlo simulations, the dynamic process of the guided atomic-beam splitting in an atomic-beam splitter composed by the U-shaped current-carrying conductor is studied, and some results are presented.

Select

Effect of temperature on deformation of carbon nanotube under compression

Wang Yu, Ni Xiang-Gui, Wang Xiu-Xi, Wu Heng-An

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 1007-1010 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/015
Full Text:

[PDF 248 KB] (Downloads:446)

+

Show Abstract

The mechanical behaviour of carbon nanotubes is one of the basic research fields on the nanotube composites and nano machinery. Molecular dynamics is an effective way for investigating the behaviour of nano structure. The compression deformation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) under different temperature is simulated, by using the Tersoff－Brenner potential to describe the interactions in CNTs. The results show that thermal fluctuations may induce the strained CNT to overcome the local energy barrier and develop the plastic deformation.

Select

Calculation of scanning tunnelling microscopy images for Kr/graphite system

Zhou Xiao-Lin, Chen Xiang-Rong, Yang Xiang-Dong, Gou Qing-Quan

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 1011-1015 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/016
Full Text:

[PDF 286 KB] (Downloads:378)

+

Show Abstract

The scanning-tunnelling-microscopy (STM) images of Kr atoms adsorbed on a monolayer graphite sheet (Kr/graphite system) are calculated using the first-principle total-energy electronic structure calculations within the density functional theory in the local density approximation. The results obtained agree well with the observations. It is found that the optimal site of the adsorbed Kr atom is at the top of the centre of the carbon hexagon, and its equilibrium distance from monolayer graphite surface is about 0.335nm. It is shown that the hybridization of C 2p electronic states (π-electronic states) and Kr 4p and 5s electronic states is the main origin of the Fermi-level local density of state.

Select

Electronic structure and optical properties of zinc-blende GaN quantum dots

Feng Dong-Hai, Jia Tian-Qing, Xu Zhi-Zhan

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 1016-1020 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/017
Full Text:

[PDF 250 KB] (Downloads:401)

+

Show Abstract

The energy levels of zinc-blende GaN quantum dots (QDs) are studied within the framework of the effective-mass envelope-function approximation. The dependence of the energy of electron and hole states on the quantum dot (QD) size is presented. The selection rules for optical transitions are given and the oscillator strengths of the dipole-allowed transitions for various QD radii are calculated with the wavefunctions of quantized energy levels. The theoretical absorption spectrum of GaN QDs is in good agreement with the existing experimental result.

Select

Generation of UV laser light by stimulated Raman scattering in D₂, D₂/Ar and D₂/He using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 355nm

Xu Ben, Yue Gu-Ming, Zhang Yin-Chao, Hu Huan-Ling, Zhou Jun, Hu Shun-Xing

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 1021-1025 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/018
Full Text:

[PDF 233 KB] (Downloads:377)

+

Show Abstract

A pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 355nm is used to pump Raman cell filled with D_2, D_2/Ar and D_2/He. With adequately adjusted parameters, the maximum photon conversion efficiency of the first-order Stokes light (S_1, 396.796nm) reaches 33.33% in D_2/Ar and the stability of S_1 in pure D_2 is fairly high, the energy drift being less than 10% when the pump energy drifts in the range of 5%. The conversion efficiency and stability, which are functions of the composition and pressure of the Raman medium and the energy of pump laser, are investigated. The result has been used to optimize the laser transmitter system for a differential absorption lidar system to measure NO_2 concentration profiles.

Select

Study of far-infrared reflection and Raman scattering spectra in reactive ion, etched ZnTe

Wu Sen, Shen Wen-Zhong, Ogawa Hiroshi, Guo Qi-Xin

Chin. Phys., 2003, 12 (9): 1026-1032 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/019
Full Text:

[PDF 284 KB] (Downloads:338)

+

Show Abstract

Far-infrared reflection and Raman scattering measurements have been carried out on reactive ion, etched p-ZnTe samples. The averaged thickness of the surface damaged layer is found to be in the range of 1.0－1.5μm, and the, etch-induced defect density is in the order of 10^{18}cm^{-3}. The Raman intensity ratio between the second-order Raman peaks and the first-order longitudinal optical phonons reveals an increase trend with the radio frequency (rf) power. With the aid of related theories, we discuss the effects of the rf plasma power and the concentration of CH_4/H_2 on the damage, disorder, and the second-order Raman structures in p-ZnTe samples.