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Table of contents

    20 September 2005, Volume 14 Issue 9 Previous issue    Next issue
    GENERAL
    An extended functional transformation method and its application in some evolution equations
    Ding Hai-Yong (丁海勇), Xu Xi-Xiang (徐西祥), Yang Hong-Xiang (杨宏祥)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1687-1690.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/001
    Abstract ( 1714 )   PDF (218KB) ( 673 )  
    In this paper, an extended functional transformation is given to solve some nonlinear evolution equations. This function, in fact,is a solution of the famous KdV equation, so this transformation gives a transformation between KdV equation and other soliton equations. Then many new exact solutions can be given by virtue of the solutions of KdV equation.
    A method of moments for calculating dynamic responses beyond linear response theory
    Kang Yan-Mei (康艳梅), Xu Jian-Xue (徐健学), Xie Yong (谢勇)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1691-1697.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/002
    Abstract ( 1248 )   PDF (288KB) ( 635 )  
    A method of moments for calculating the dynamic response of periodically driven overdamped nonlinear stochastic systems in the general response sense is proposed, which is a modification of the method of moments confined within linear response theory. The calculating experience suggests that the proposed technique is simple and efficient in implementation, and the comparison with stochastic simulation shows that the first three orders of susceptibilities calculated by the proposed technique have high accuracy. The dependence of the spectral amplification parameters at the first three harmonics on the noise intensity is also investigated, and another observed phenomenon of stochastic resonance in the systems induced by the location of a single periodic orbit is disclosed and explained.
    Applications of F-expansion method to the coupled KdV system
    Li Bao-An (李保安), Wang Ming-Liang (王明亮)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1698-1706.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/003
    Abstract ( 1653 )   PDF (247KB) ( 780 )  
    An extended F-expansion method for finding periodic wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics is presented, which can be thought of as a concentration of extended Jacobi elliptic function expansion method proposed more recently. By using the homogeneous balance principle and the extended F-expansion, more periodic wave solutions expressed by Jacobi elliptic functions for the coupled KdV equations are derived. In the limit cases, the solitary wave solutions and the other type of travelling wave solutions for the system are also obtained.
    Integrals of generalized Hamilton systems with additional terms
    Shang Mei (尚玫), Mei Feng-Xiang (梅凤翔)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1707-1709.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/004
    Abstract ( 1293 )   PDF (185KB) ( 547 )  
    Two kinds of integrals of generalized Hamilton systems with additional terms are discussed. One kind is the integral deduced by Poisson method; the other is Hojman integral obtained by Lie symmetry.
    Exact travelling wave solutions for (1+1)-dimensional dispersive long wave equation
    Liu Cheng-Shi (刘成仕)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1710-1715.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/005
    Abstract ( 1338 )   PDF (231KB) ( 1135 )  
    A complete discrimination system for the fourth order polynomial is given.As an application, we have reduced a (1+1)-dimensional dispersive long wave equation with general coefficients to an elementary integral form and obtained its all possible exact travelling wave solutions including rational function type solutions, solitary wave solutions, triangle function type periodic solutions and Jacobian elliptic functions double periodic solutions. This method can be also applied to many other similar problems.
    Probabilistic and controlled teleportation of tripartite state in a general form and its quantum networks
    Yuan Hong-Chun (袁洪春), Qi Kai-Guo (齐开国)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1716-1723.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/006
    Abstract ( 1314 )   PDF (316KB) ( 667 )  
    We discuss a scheme for probabilistic and controlled teleportation of an unknown arbitrary three-particle state by constructing a peculiar non-maximally entangled state as a controlled quantum channel,which is teleported between two sides with the help of the auxiliary particle and the cooperation of the third side (Charlie) as a supervisor. In comparison with some existing schemes, on the receiver's side it is easy to have the sender's state through operating two uniform unitary transformations in turn. In addition, we also give an efficient quantum network for implementing the new scheme by means of some primitive operations.
    Probabilistic teleportation of an arbitrary three-particle state
    Lin Xiu (林秀), Li Hong-Cai (李洪才)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1724-1731.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/007
    Abstract ( 1254 )   PDF (218KB) ( 609 )  
    A scheme for teleporting an arbitrary and unknown three-particle state from a sender to either one of two receivers is proposed. The quantum channel is composed of a two-particle non-maximally entangled state and two three-particle non-maximally entangled W states. An arbitrary three-particle state can be perfectly teleported probabilistically if the sender performs three generalized Bell-state measurements and sends to the two receivers the classical result of these measurements, and either one of the two receivers adopts an appropriate unitary transformation conditioned on the suitable measurement outcomes of the other receiver. All kinds of unitary transformations are given in detail.
    Probabilistic remote preparation of a two-atom entangled state
    Zhang Ying-Qiao (张英俏), Jin Xing-Ri (金星日), Zhang Shou (张寿)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1732-1735.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/008
    Abstract ( 1340 )   PDF (189KB) ( 539 )  
    A scheme for remotely preparing a two-atom entangled state via entanglement swapping in cavity quantum electronic dynamics (QED) with the help of separate measurements is proposed. And the effect of cavity decay is eliminated in our scheme.
    Quantum radiation of non-stationary Kerr-Newman-de Sitter black hole
    Jiang Qing-Quan (蒋青权), Yang Shu-Zheng (杨树政), Li Hui-Ling (李慧玲)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1736-1744.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/009
    Abstract ( 1619 )   PDF (284KB) ( 729 )  
    By introducing a new tortoise coordinate transformation, we investigate the quantum thermal and non-thermal radiations of a non-stationary Kerr--Newman--de Sitter black hole. The accurate location and radiate temperature of the event horizon as well as the maximum energy of the non-thermal radiation are derived. It is shown that the radiate temperature and the maximum energy are related to not only the evaporation rate, but also the shape of the event horizon, moreover the maximum energy depends on the electromagnetic potential. Finally, we use the results to reduce the non-stationary Kerr--Newman black hole, the non-stationary Kerr black hole, the stationary Kerr--Newman--de Sitter black hole, and the static Schwarzshild black hole.
    Symmetric linear potential and imperfect Brownian ratchet in molecular motor function
    Li Fang-Zhen (李防震), Hu Kuang-Hu (胡匡祜), Su Wan-Fang (苏万芳), Chen Yi-Chen (陈袆辰)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1745-1754.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/010
    Abstract ( 1193 )   PDF (285KB) ( 452 )  
    Biomolecular motors are tiny engines that transport materials at the microscopic level within biological cells. In recent years, Elston and Peskin et al have investigated the effect of the elastic properties of the tether that connects the motor to its cargo at the speed of the motor. In this paper we extend their work and present a tether in the form of symmetric linear potential.Our results show that when the driving mechanism is an imperfect Brownian ratchet, the average speed decreases as the stiffness of the tether increases in the limit of large motor diffusion coefficient, which is similar to the results of Elston and Peskin.However, a threshold for the stiffness of the tether connecting the motor to its cargo is found in our model. Only when the tether is stiffer than the threshold can the motor and its cargo function co-operatively, otherwise, the motor and its cargo depart from each other. This result is more realistic than that of the spring model of Elston and Peskin.
    Adaptive synchronization of a critical chaotic system
    Tu Li-Lan (涂俐兰), Lu Jun-An (陆君安)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1755-1759.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/011
    Abstract ( 1239 )   PDF (239KB) ( 595 )  
    This paper further investigates the synchronization problem of a new chaotic system with known or unknown system parameters. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, a novel adaptive control law is derived for the synchronization of a new chaotic system with known or unknown system parameters. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed schemes.
    Controlling and synchronizing spatiotemporal chaos of the coupled Bragg acousto-optical bistable map system using nonlinear feedback
    Yue Li-Juan (岳立娟), Shen Ke (沈柯)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1760-1765.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/012
    Abstract ( 1589 )   PDF (2855KB) ( 3411 )  
    In this paper we present the control and synchronization of a coupled Bragg acousto-optic bistable map system using nonlinear feedback technology. This nonlinear feedback technology is useful to control a temporally chaotic system as well as a spatiotemporally chaotic system. It can be extended to synchronize the spatiotemporal chaos. It can work in a wide range of the controlled and synchronized signals, so it can decrease the sensitivity down to a noise level. The synchronization can be obtained by the analysis of the largest conditional Lyapunov exponent spectrum, and easily implemented in practical systems just by adjusting the coupled strength without any pre-knowledge of the dynamic system required.
    Upper bound for the time derivative of entropy for a dynamical system driven by coloured cross-correlated white noises
    Xie Wen-Xian (谢文贤), Xu Wei (徐伟), Cai Li (蔡力), Jin Yan-Fei (靳艳飞)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1766-1769.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/013
    Abstract ( 1117 )   PDF (224KB) ( 540 )  
    It is shown how the cross-correlation time and strength of coloured cross-correlated white noises can set an upper bound for the time derivative of entropy in a nonequilibrium system. The value of upper bound can be calculated directly based on the Schwartz inequality principle and the Fokker--Planck equation of the dynamical system driven by coloured cross-correlated white noises. The present calculations can be used to interpret the interplay of the dissipative constant and cross-correlation time and strength of coloured cross-correlated white noises on the upper bound.
    Effects of high pressure on the Raman and fluorescence emission spectra of two novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives
    Luo Ji-Feng (骆继锋), Tang Ben-Chen (唐本臣), Gao Chun-Xiao (高春晓), Li Min (李敏), Han Yong-Hao (韩永昊), Zou Guang-Tian (邹广田)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1770-1773.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/014
    Abstract ( 1092 )   PDF (279KB) ( 505 )  
    The effects of pressure on the fluorescence emission and Raman spectra of 1,4-bis[(4-methyloxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]- 2,5-bisheptyloxyphenylene (OXD-2) and on the fluorescence emission spectra of 1,4-bis[(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]phenylene (OXD-1) are investigated using a diamond anvil cell. With the increase of pressure, the intensity of the fluorescence emission increases and reaches maxima at 13GPa for OXD-1 and at 9.6GPa for OXD-2. The effect of pressure on the peak position of the emission shows a similar trend, red shift with the increase of pressure. But at higher pressures, the intensity of emission drops down dramatically. The Raman spectra of OXD-2 indicate that there appears a structural change at ca 3GPa.
    Effect of temperature on the morphology of nanobubbles at mica/water interface
    Zhang Xue-Hua (张雪花), Li Gang (李刚), Wu Zhi-Hua (吴志华), Zhang Xiao-Dong (张晓东), Hu Jun (胡钧)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1774-1778.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/015
    Abstract ( 1299 )   PDF (747KB) ( 795 )  
    The great implication of nanobubbles at a solid/water interface has drawn wide attention of the scientific community and industries. However, the fundamental properties of nanobubbles remain unknown as yet. In this paper, the temperature effects on the morphology of nanobubbles at the mica/water interface are explored through the combination of AFM direct image with the temperature control. The results demonstrate that the apparent height of nanobubbles in AFM images is kept almost constant with the increase of temperature, whilst the lateral size of nanobubbles changes significantly. As the temperature increases from 28℃ to 42℃, the lateral size of nanobubbles increases, reaching a maximum at about 37℃, and then decreases at a higher temperature. The possible explanation for the size change of nanobubbles with temperature is suggested.
    NUCLEAR PHYSICS
    Velvet's multi-pulsed emission and multi-pulsed electron beams
    Xia Lian-Sheng (夏连胜), Zhang Huang (张篁), Chen De-Biao (陈德彪), Zhang Kai-Zhi (张开志), Shi Jin-Shui (石金水), Zhang Lin-Wen (章林文)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1779-1783.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/016
    Abstract ( 1087 )   PDF (1077KB) ( 574 )  
    The velvet electron emission characteristics and beams' brightness are investigated with a multi-pulsed mode. The results indicate that in the multi-pulsed mode the velvet emission is not uniform and the periphery emission is much stronger than that from the centre. The periphery emission contributes much more to the formation of the cathode plasma than the centre emission, which leads to diode impendence breakdown. The relationship between the cathode plasma expansion and the initial emittance of the cathode is deduced to describe the characteristics of the multi-pulsed vacuum diode. The emittance of the multi-pulsed beams is measured to be less than 1000mm \cdot mrad. The brightness of the electron beams is better than $1\times 10^{8}$A/(m$\cdot$rad)$^{2}$.
    ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Conditional stability of diatomic molecule driven by a weak laser field
    Chong Gui-Shu (崇桂书), Hai Wen-Hua (海文华), Xie Qiong-Tao (谢琼涛)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1784-1791.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/017
    Abstract ( 1111 )   PDF (290KB) ( 440 )  
    Using a direct perturbation method, we investigate the stability of a diatomic molecule modelled by a weakly laser-driven Morse oscillator. It is shown that stationary state solution of the system is stable in the sense of Lyapunov and the periodical one possesses conditional stability, namely its stability depends on the initial conditions and system parameters. The corresponding sufficient and necessary conditions are established that indicate the stable states associated with some discrete energies. The results reveal how a diatomic molecule can be stabilized or dissociated with a weak laser, and demonstrate that the mathematical conditional stability works in the considered physical system.
    Theoretical studies on the photoionization cross-sections of solid silver
    Ma Xiao-Guang (马晓光), Sun Wei-Guo (孙卫国)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1792-1798.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/018
    Abstract ( 950 )   PDF (857KB) ( 505 )  
    An alternative expression for photoionization cross-section of atoms or molecules and a dielectric influence function (DIF) in a high-density system proposed recently are used to study the photoionization cross-sections of solid silver. It is suggested that a density turning point (DTP) of a photoionized system may be viewed as the critical point where the photoionization properties of atoms in a real system may have a notable change. The results show that the present theoretical photoionization cross-sections are in good agreement with the experimental results of a silver crystal both in structure and in magnitude.
    Nanocrystal formation and structure in oxyfluoride glass ceramics
    Yu Hua (余华), Zhao Li-Juan (赵丽娟), Meng Jie (孟婕), Liang Qin (梁沁), Yu Xuan-Yi (禹宣伊), Tang Bai-Quan (唐柏权), Xu Jing-Jun (许京军)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1799-1802.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/019
    Abstract ( 1077 )   PDF (462KB) ( 514 )  
    The up-conversion luminescent property of the oxyfluoride glass ceramics 30SiO2$\cdot$15Al2O3$\cdot$ (50--x)PbF2$\cdot$ xCdF2 doped with 4ErF3$\cdot$1YbF3 has been investigated. Up-conversion luminescent intensity of Er3+ ions increased obviously after heat-treatment due to co-doping with CdF2. The structure model of nanocrystals PbxCd1-xF2 was determined and the effect of CdF2 in oxyfluoride glass ceramics was explained by the analysis of x-ray diffraction data. Different nucleation temperatures of samples with different compositions were obtained by differential thermal analysis curves and the results showed the growth process of different nanocrystals in glass ceramics.
    Ion source effect on the bond length of 4HeH+
    Miao Jing-Wei (缪竞威), Wang Hu (王虎), Zhu Zhou-Sen (朱洲森), Yang Chao-Wen (杨朝文), Shi Mian-Gong (师勉恭), Tang A-You (唐阿友), Miao Lei (缪蕾), Xu Zu-Run (许祖润), Yuan Xue-Dong (袁学东), Liu Xiao-Dong (刘晓东), Yang Bei-Fang (杨百方)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1803-1807.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/020
    Abstract ( 2132 )   PDF (274KB) ( 428 )  
    The bond length of 4HeH+ resulting from collision-induced destruction is measured at 1.4420 MeV using the Coulomb Explosion Technique. The measured bond length of 4HeH+ is 0.094\pm 0.003nm. The bond length of 4HeH+ obtained with our radio frequency (RF) ion source is larger than that obtained with a duoplasmatron ion source at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), but the bond lengths of H2+ and H3+ obtained separately by ANL and by us with the two different ion sources are consistent with each other, which implies that there exists an ion source effect on the bond length of 4HeH+. The main reason why the 4HeH+ bond lengths obtained by the two different ion sources are different is also discussed.
    Spin polarization effect for Os2 molecule
    Xie An-Dong (谢安东), Yan Shi-Ying (阎世英), Zhu Zheng-He (朱正和), Fu Yi-Bei (傅依备)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1808-1812.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/021
    Abstract ( 1484 )   PDF (265KB) ( 755 )  
    Density functional Theory (DFT) (B3p86) of Gaussian03 has been used to optimize the structure of Os$_2$ molecule. The result shows that the ground state for Os$_2$ molecule is 9-multiple state and its electronic configuration is $^{9}\Sigma _{\rm g}^{+}$, which shows spin polarization effect of Os$_2$ molecule of transition metal elements for the first time. Meanwhile, we have not found any spin pollution because the wavefunction of the ground state does not mingle with wavefunctions with higher energy states. So, the fact that the ground state for Os$_2$ molecule is a 9-multiple state is indicative of spin polarization effect of Os$_2$ molecule of transition metal elements. That is, there exist 8 parallel spin electrons. The non-conjugated electron is greatest in number. These electrons occupy different spacious tracks, so that the energy of Os$_2$ molecule is minimized. It can be concluded that the effect of parallel spin of Os$_2$ molecule is larger than the effect of the conjugated molecule, which is obviously related to the effect of electron d delocalization. In addition, the Murrell--Sorbie potential functions with the parameters for the ground state $^{9}\Sigma _{\rm g}^{+}$ and other states of Os$_2$ molecule are derived. Dissociation energy De for the ground state of Os$_2$ molecule is 3.3971eV, equilibrium bond length Re is 0.2403nm, vibration frequency $\omega$e is 235.32cm$^{-1}$. Its force constants $f_2$, $f_3$, and $f_4$ are 3.1032$\times $10$^{2}$aJ$\cdot$nm$^{-2}$, $-14.3425\times $10$^{3}$aJ$\cdot$nm$^{-3}$ and 50.5792$\times $10$^{4}$aJ$\cdot$nm$^{-4 }$ respectively. The other spectroscopic data for the ground state of Os$_2$ molecule $\omega_{\rm e}\chi_{\rm e}$, $B_{\rm e}$ and $\alpha_{\rm e}$ are 0.4277cm$^{-1}$, 0.0307cm$^{-1}$ and 0.6491$\times $ 10$^{-4}$cm$^{-1}$ respectively.
    CLASSICAL AREAS OF PHENOMENOLOGY
    Theoretical and experimental study of the intensity distribution in biological tissues
    Xu Tang (许棠), Zhang Chun-Ping (张春平), Chen Gui-Ying (陈桂英), Tian Jian-Guo (田建国), Zhang Guang-Yin (张光寅), Zhao Cheng-Mei (赵承梅)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1813-1820.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/022
    Abstract ( 1155 )   PDF (350KB) ( 622 )  
    Based on the diffusion approximate theory (DA), a theoretical model about the distribution of the intensity of a narrow collimation beam illuminating on a semi-infinite biological tissue is developed. In order to verify the correctness of the model, a novel method of measuring the distributions of the intensity of light in Intralipid-10% suspension at 650 nm is presented and measurements of the distributions of the distance-dependent intensity of scattering light in different directions are made. The investigations show that the results from our diffusion model are in good agreement with the experimental results beyond and in the areas around the light source, and the distance-dependent intensity in the incident direction attenuates approximately in the exponential form. Furthermore, our theoretic results indicate the anisotropic characteristics of the intensity in different directions of scattering light inside the biological tissue.
    Scheme for implementing quantum secret sharing via cavity QED
    Chen Zhi-Hua (陈志华), Lin Xiu-Min (林秀敏)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1821-1824.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/023
    Abstract ( 1085 )   PDF (237KB) ( 568 )  
    An experimentally feasible scheme for implementing quantum secret sharing via cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) is proposed. The scheme requires the large detuning of the cavity field from the atomic transition, the cavity is only virtually excited, thus the requirement on the quality factor of the cavity is greatly loosened.
    Teleportation of atomic states with a weak coherent cavity field
    Zheng Shi-Biao (郑仕标)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1825-1827.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/024
    Abstract ( 1185 )   PDF (179KB) ( 526 )  
    A scheme is proposed for the teleportation of an unknown atomic state. The scheme is based on the resonant interaction of atoms with a coherent cavity field. The mean photon-number of the cavity field is much smaller than one and thus the cavity decay can be effectively suppressed. Another advantage of the scheme is that only one cavity is required.
    Higher-order squeezing of quantum field and higher-order uncertainty relations in non-degenerate four-wave mixing
    Li Xi-Zeng (李希曾), Su Bao-Xia (苏保霞), Chai Lu (柴路)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1828-1833.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/025
    Abstract ( 953 )   PDF (276KB) ( 798 )  
    It is found that the field of the combined mode of the probe wave and the phase conjugate wave in the process of non-degenerate four-wave mixing exhibits higher-order squeezing to all even orders. The higher-order squeezed parameter and squeezed limit due to the modulation frequency are investigated. The smaller the modulation frequency is, the stronger the degree of higher-order squeezing becomes. Furthermore, the higher-order uncertainty relations in the process of non-degenerate four-wave mixing are presented for the first time. The product of higher-order noise moments is related to even order number N and the length L of the medium.
    Optical bistability of a composite system induced by a broadband squeezed vacuum
    Luo Jin-Ming (罗进明), Li Jia-Hua (李家华)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1834-1838.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/026
    Abstract ( 1026 )   PDF (254KB) ( 518 )  
    A composite system consisting of a degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) and N two-level atoms interacting with a broadband squeezed vacuum (SV) centred at frequency $\omega_{\rm s}$ and an input monochromatic pumping field with a frequency $\omega_{\rm p}$ is analysed. The corresponding explicit analytical steady-state solutions in the central mode $\omega_{\rm p}=\omega_{\rm s}$ are derived, and the result displays optical bistability (OB). In addition, the influence of the broadband SV on the bistable behaviour is analysed in detail.
    Bound soliton pulses in a passively mode-locked fibre ring laser
    Zhang Shu-Min (张书敏), Lü Fu-Yun (吕福云), Gong Yan-Dong (龚延洞), Zhou Xiao-Qun (周小群), Yang Xiu-Feng (杨秀峰), Lü Chao (吕超)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1839-1843.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/027
    Abstract ( 1040 )   PDF (974KB) ( 481 )  
    The bound solitons in a passively mode-locked fibre ring laser are observed and their formation mechanism is summarized in this paper. In order to obtain stable bound solitons, a strong CW laser field at the centre of the soliton spectral is necessary to suppress and synchronize the random soliton phase variations.
    Effects of container geometry on granular segregation pattern
    Hu Mao-Bin (胡茂彬), Kong Xiang-Zhao (孔祥照), Wu Qing-Song (吴清松), Wu Yong-Hong (吴永洪)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1844-1849.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/028
    Abstract ( 1289 )   PDF (1554KB) ( 494 )  
    In a set of vibrating quasi-two-dimensional containers with the right-hand sidewall bent inward, three new segregation patterns have been identified experimentally including a Two-Side segregation Pattern, a Left-hand Side segregation Pattern and a pattern where big particles aggregate to the upper left part of the container. In a container with small bending degree, either the two-side segregation pattern or the left-hand side segregation pattern is stable, which is determined by the initial distribution of particles.
    PHYSICS OF GASES, PLASMAS, AND ELECTRIC DISCHARGES
    Few-cycle relativistic solitons in plasmas
    Fang Zong-Bao (方宗豹), Shen Bai-Fei (沈百飞), Cheng Chun-Fu (成纯富), Zhang Xiao-Mei (张晓梅)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1850-1855.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/029
    Abstract ( 1195 )   PDF (256KB) ( 519 )  
    A set of exact one-dimensional solutions to coupled nonlinear equations describing the propagation of a relativistic ultrashort circularly polarized laser pulse in a cold collisionless and bounded plasma where electrons have an initial velocity in the laser propagating direction is presented. The solutions investigated here are in the form of quickly moving envelop solitons at a propagation velocity comparable to the light speed. The features of solitons in both underdense and overdense plasmas with electrons having different given initial velocities in the laser propagating direction are described. It is found that the amplitude of solitons is larger and soliton width shorter in plasmas where electrons have a larger initial velocity. In overdense plasmas, soliton duration is shorter, the amplitude higher than that in underdense plasmas where electrons have the same initial velocity.
    Effects of drive current rise-time and initial load density distribution on Z-pinch characteristics
    Duan Yao-Yong (段耀勇), Guo Yong-Hui (郭永辉), Wang Wen-Sheng (王文生), Qiu Ai-Ci (邱爱慈)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1856-1861.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/030
    Abstract ( 1181 )   PDF (383KB) ( 569 )  
    A two-dimensional, three-temperature radiation magneto-hydrodynamics model is applied to the investigation of evolutional trends in x-ray radiation power, energy, peak plasma temperature and density as functions of drive current rise-time and initial load density distribution by using the typical experimental parameters of tungsten wire-array Z-pinch on the Qiangguang-I generator. The numerical results show that as the drive current rise-time is shortened, x-ray radiation peak power, energy, peak plasma density and peak ion temperature increase approximately linearly, but among them the x-ray radiation peak power increases more quickly. As the initial plasma density distribution in the radial direction becomes gradually flattened, the peak radiation power and the peak ion-temperature almost exponentially increase, while the radiation energy and the peak plasma density change only a little. The main effect of shortening drive current rise-time is to enhance compression of plasma, and the effect of flattening initial load density distribution in the radial direction is to raise the plasma temperature. Both of the approaches elevate the x-ray peak radiation power.
    CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, AND THERMAL PROPERTIES
    Dependence of stresses on grain orientations in BCC polycrystalline films on substrates
    Zhang Jian-Min (张建民), Zhang Yan (张研), Xu Ke-Wei (徐可为)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1862-1865.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/031
    Abstract ( 1010 )   PDF (214KB) ( 412 )  
    Most thin films have different thermal expansion coefficients from their substrates, thus thermal stresses will be introduced into the films when the temperature is changed during annealing and service. Calculations of these stresses for grains in various crystallographic orientations have been made for seven BCC transition metals Cr, Fe, Mo, Nb, Ta, V and W. Neglecting W, which is isotropic and the stresses are equiaxial and without grain orientation (hkl) dependence, the BCC metals may be grouped into two classes. In the first class (Cr, Mo, Nb and V), the (100)-oriented grains have the largest stresses, while the stresses $\sigma _1$  and $\sigma _2$  in other (hkl)-oriented grains decrease linearly with the increase of the angle between (hkl) and (100), and with $\sigma _1 < \sigma _2$  except in (100)- and (111)-oriented grains. In the second class (Fe and Ta), on the contrary, the (100)-oriented grains have the lowest stresses, and the stresses $\sigma _1$  and $\sigma _2$  in other (hkl)-oriented grains increase linearly with the increase of the angle between (hkl) and (100), and with $\sigma _1 > \sigma _2$  except in (100)- and (111)-oriented grains.
    Evaluation of multiaxial stress in textured cubic films by x-ray diffraction
    Zhang Jian-Min (张建民), Xu Ke-Wei (徐可为)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1866-1872.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/032
    Abstract ( 1123 )   PDF (253KB) ( 510 )  
    X-ray diffraction is used extensively to determine the residual stress in bulk or thin film materials on the assumptions that the material is composed of fine crystals with random orientation and the stress state is biaxial and homogeneous through the x-ray penetrating region. The stress is calculated from the gradient of $\varepsilon \sim \sin ^2\psi$  linear relation. But the method cannot be used in textured films due to nonlinear relation. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for measuring the multiaxial stresses in cubic films with any [hkl] fibre texture. As an example, a detailed analysis is given for measuring three-dimensional stresses in FCC films with [111] fibre texture.
    Post-deposition dynamics of multiple cluster aggregation on liquid surfaces
    Wu Feng-Min (吴锋民), Xu You-Sheng (许友生), Ye Gao-Xiang (叶高翔), Wu Zi-Qin (吴自勤)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1873-1878.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/033
    Abstract ( 1011 )   PDF (3737KB) ( 490 )  
    A comprehensive simulation model---deposition, diffusion, rotation and aggregation---is presented to demonstrate the post-deposition phenomena of multiple cluster growth on liquid surfaces, such as post-deposition nucleation, post-deposition growth and post-deposition coalescence. Emphasis is placed on the relaxations of monomer density, dimer density and cluster density as well as combined cluster-plus-monomer density with time after deposition ending. It is shown that post-deposition coalescence largely takes place after deposition due to the large mobility of clusters on liquid surfaces, while the post-deposition nucleation is only possible before the saturation cluster density is reached at the end of the deposition. The deposition flux and the moment of deposition ending play important roles in the post-deposition dynamics.
    CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES
    Magnetotransport properties of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 bilayers
    Feng Jia-Feng (丰家峰), Zhao Kun (赵昆), Huang Yan-Hong (黄延红), Zhao Jian-Gao (赵见高), Han Xiu-Feng (韩秀峰), Zhan Wen-Shan (詹文山), Wong Hong-Kuen (黄康权)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1879-1881.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/034
    Abstract ( 1303 )   PDF (228KB) ( 577 )  
    The perovskite bilayers La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (LCMO) (100nm) / La0.67Sr0.33MnO3(LSMO) (100 nm) and LSMO (100 nm) / LCMO (100 nm) are fabricated by a facing-target sputtering technique. Their transport and magnetic properties are investigated. It is found that the transport properties between them are different obviously due to distinguishable structures, and the different lattice strains in both films result in the difference of metal-to-insulator transition. Only single-step magnetization loop appears in our bilayers from 5K to 320K, and the coercive force of LSMO/LCMO varies irregularly with a minimum $\sim$ 2387A/m which is lower than that of LCMO and LSMO single layer films. The behaviour is explained by some magnetic coupling.
    Accelerated oxygen precipitation in fast neutron irradiated Czochralski silicon
    Ma Qiao-Yun (马巧云), Li Yang-Xian (李养贤), Chen Gui-Feng (陈贵锋), Yang Shuai (杨帅), Liu Li-Li (刘丽丽), Niu Ping-Juan (牛萍娟), Chen Dong-Feng (陈东风), Li Hong-Tao (李洪涛)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1882-1885.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/035
    Abstract ( 1070 )   PDF (1891KB) ( 613 )  
    Annealing effect of the oxygen precipitation and the induced defects have been investigated on the fast neutron irradiated Czochralski silicon (CZ-Si) by infrared absorption spectrum and the optical microscopy. It is found that the fast neutron irradiation greatly accelerates the oxygen precipitation that leads to a sharp decrease of the interstitial oxygen with the annealing time. At room temperature (RT), the 1107cm-1 infrared absorption band of interstitial oxygen becomes weak and broadens to low energy side. At low temperature, the infrared absorption peaks appear at 1078cm-1, 1096cm-1, and 1182cm-1, related to different shapes of the oxygen precipitates. The bulk microdefects, including stacking faults, dislocations and dislocation loops, were observed by the optical microscopy. New or large stacking faults grow up when the silicon self-interstitial atoms are created and aggregate with oxygen precipitation.
    The conduction mechanism of stress induced leakage current through ultra-thin gate oxide under constant voltage stresses
    Wang Yan-Gang (王彦刚), Xu Ming-Zhen (许铭真), Tan Chang-Hua (谭长华), Zhang J.F., Duan Xiao-Rong (段小蓉)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1886-1891.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/036
    Abstract ( 1150 )   PDF (374KB) ( 771 )  
    The conduction mechanism of stress induced leakage current (SILC) through 2nm gate oxide is studied over a gate voltage range between 1.7V and stress voltage under constant voltage stress (CVS). The simulation results show that the SILC is formed by trap-assisted tunnelling (TAT) process which is dominated by oxide traps induced by high field stresses. Their energy levels obtained by this work are approximately 1.9eV from the oxide conduction band, and the traps are believed to be the oxygen-related donor-like defects induced by high field stresses. The dependence of the trap density on stress time and oxide electric field is also investigated.
    Structure and magnetic properties of a new single-molecule magnet [Mn11Fe1O12 (CH3COO)16(H2O)4]$\cdot$2CH3COOH$\cdot$4H2O
    Cao Hui-Bo (曹慧波), He Lun-Hua (何伦华), Wang Fang-Wei (王芳卫)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1892-1895.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/037
    Abstract ( 1023 )   PDF (914KB) ( 440 )  
    A new single-molecule magnet [Mn11Fe1O12 (CH3COO)16(H2O)4]?2CH3COOH?4H2O (Mn11Fe1) has been synthesized.The structure has been studied by the single crystal x-ray diffraction. The difference of Jahn--Teller distortion between Fe3+ and Mn3+ ion reveals that Fe3+ ion substitutes for Mn3+ ion on the Mn(3) sites in the Mn12 skeleton. The temperature dependence of the magnetization gives a blocking temperature TB=1.9K for Mn11Fe1. Based on the magnetization process analysis of the crystal at T=2K, we suggest that Mn11Fe1 has the ground state with a total spin S= 11/2.
    CROSS DISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
    Floating zone growth and magnetic and specific heat properties of La0.67Ca0.33Mn1-xFexO3 (x=0.00, 0.04) single crystals
    Kou Zhi-Qi (寇志起), Ma Xiao (马骁), Di Nai-Li (邸乃力), Li Qing-An (李庆安), Cheng Zhao-Hua (成昭华)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1896-1899.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/038
    Abstract ( 1140 )   PDF (783KB) ( 368 )  
    Single crystals of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 and La0.67Ca0.33Mn0.96Fe0.04O3 were obtained by floating zone method. Laue diffraction pattern and rocking curve of the single crystals show that their quality is good. The magnetic behaviours of these compounds have been studied. Fe doping significantly depresses the magnetic contribution to the total specific heat CP, but slightly influences the lattice contribution at temperatures above 50K. The peak of CP shifts towards high temperatures with increasing magnetic field. Both single crystals exhibit the first-order magnetic transition around the Curie temperature.
    Theoretical analysis of nanosecond crystallization kinetics of phase-change optical recording films
    Zhang Xue-Ru (张学如), Yang Kun (杨昆), Song Ying-Lin (宋瑛林)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1900-1903.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/039
    Abstract ( 923 )   PDF (215KB) ( 433 )  
    A theoretical investigation of nanosecond crystallization kinetics of the phase-change optical recording films is presented. An extended Kissinger equation for the square-root heating is derived, which properly describes the temperature evolution of the films by nanosecond laser heating. The extended Kissinger equation was used to explain our previous experimental results.
    Influence of laser intensity in second-harmonic detection with tunable diode laser multi-pass absorption spectroscopy
    Kan Rui-Feng (阚瑞峰), Dong Feng-Zhong (董凤忠), Zhang Yu-Jun (张玉钧), Liu Jian-Guo (刘建国), Liu Cheng (刘诚), Wang Min (王敏), Gao Shan-Hu (高山虎), Chen Jun (陈军)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1904-1909.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/040
    Abstract ( 1268 )   PDF (275KB) ( 665 )  
    Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) has been widely employed in atmospheric trace gases detection. The ratio of the second-harmonic signal to the intensity of laser beam incident to the multi-pass cell is proved to be proportional to the product of the path length and the gas concentration under any condition. A new calibration method based on this relation in TDLAS system for the measurement of trace gas concentration is proposed for the first time. The detection limit and the sensitivity of the system are below 110 and 31ppbv (parts-per-billion in volume), respectively.
    Comprehensive Survey for the Frontier Disciplines
    Oscillatory electron phonon coupling in Pb/Si(111) deduced by temperature-dependent quantum well states
    Zhang Yan-Feng (张艳锋), Jia Jin-Feng (贾金锋), Han Tie-Zhu (韩铁柱), Tang Zhe (唐喆), Shen Quan-Tong (沈全通), Guo Yang (郭阳), Xue Qi-Kun (薛其坤)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1910-1914.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/041
    Abstract ( 1203 )   PDF (384KB) ( 501 )  
    Photoemission study of atomically flat Pb films with a thickness from 15 to 24 monolayers (ML) have been performed within a temperature range 75--270K.Well-defined quantum well states (QWSs) are observed, which exhibit interesting temperature-dependent behaviours. The peak position of the QWSs shifts towards higher binding energy with increasing substrate temperature,whereas the peak width broadens linearly due to enhanced electron--phonon coupling strength ($\lambda$). An oscillatory $\lambda$ with a period of 2ML is deduced. Preliminary analysis shows that the oscillation can be explained in terms of the interface induced phase variations, and is thus a manifestation of the quantum size effects.
    RAPID COMMUNICATION
    Nonlinear optical properties of Au/PVP composite thin films
    Shen Hong (沈鸿), Cheng Bo-Lin (程波林), Lü Guo-Wei (吕国伟), Wang Wei-Tian (王伟田), Guan Dong-Yi (关东仪), Chen Zheng-Hao (陈正豪), Yang Guo-Zhen (杨国桢)
    Chinese Physics, 2005, 14 (9):  1915-1918.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/9/042
    Abstract ( 1240 )   PDF (649KB) ( 700 )  
    Colloidal Au and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) composite thin films are fabricated by spin-coating method. Linear optical absorption measurements of the Au/PVP composite films indicate an absorption peak around 530 nm due to the surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles. Nonlinear optical properties are studied using standard Z-scan technique, and experimental results show large optical nonlinearities of the Au/PVP composite films. A large value of $\chi^{(3)}/\alpha$  up to 0.56×10-10esu$\cdot$cm is obtained, which is comparable to the best values reported in metal/oxide composite films.
ISSN 1674-1056   CN 11-5639/O4
, Vol. 14, No. 9

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