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 Security of biased BB84 quantum key distribution with finite resource Zhao Liang-Yuan, Li Hong-Wei, Yin Zhen-Qiang, Chen Wei, You Juan, Han Zheng-Fu Chin. Phys. B 2014, 23 (10): 100304
 Epitaxial evolution on buried cracks in a strain-controlled AlN/GaN superlattice interlayer between AlGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells and a GaN template Huang Cheng-Cheng, Zhang Xia, Xu Fu-Jun, Xu Zheng-Yu, Chen Guang, Yang Zhi-Jian, Tang Ning, Wang Xin-Qiang, Shen Bo Chin. Phys. B 2014, 23 (10): 106106
 Asymmetric exchange bias training effect in spin glass (FeAu)/FeNi bilayers Rui Wen-Bin, He Mao-Cheng, You Biao, Shi Zhong, Zhou Shi-Ming, Xiao Ming-Wen, Gao Yuan, Zhang Wei, Sun Li, Du Jun Chin. Phys. B 2014, 23 (10): 107502
 Current Issue In Press Accepted Earlier Issues Top Downloaded SCI Top Cited
 Chin. Phys. B--2014, Vol.23, No.10
GENERAL
Liu Xi-Zhong, Yu Jun, Ren Bo, Yang Jian-Rong
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 100201 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/100201
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The residual symmetry relating to the truncated Painlevé expansion of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation is nonlocal, which is localized in this paper by introducing multiple new dependent variables. By using the standard Lie group approach, new symmetry reduction solutions for the KP equation are obtained based on the general form of Lie point symmetry for the prolonged system. In this way, the interaction solutions between solitons and background waves are obtained, which are hard to find by other traditional methods.
Yin Cheng, Wang Xian-Ping, Shan Ming-Lei, Han Qing-Bang, Zhu Chang-Ping
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 100301 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/100301
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A phase time definition directly obtained from the Schrödinger equation is used to investigate the time delay of a particle scattered by complex reflectionless potential. The artifacts introduced by truncating in the numerical simulation are clarified. The time delay of the transmitted wave packet is found to be equal to the reflection time of the truncated potential. Both time delays are the same as the traversal time in the free space, but shorter than the time taken by a classical particle to pass the same potential.
Wu Tao, Song Xue-Ke, Ye Liu
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 100302 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/100302
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We investigate the square-norm distance correlation dynamics of the Bell-diagonal states under different local decoherence channels, including phase flip, bit flip, and bit-phase flip channels by employing the geometric discord (GD) and its modified geometric discord (MGD), as the measures of the square-norm distance correlations. Moreover, an explicit comparison between them is made in detail. The results show that there is no distinct dominant relative ordering between them. Furthermore, we obtain that the GD just gradually deceases to zero, while MGD initially has a large freezing interval, and then suddenly changes in evolution. The longer the freezing interval, the less the MGD is. Interestingly, it is shown that the dynamic behaviors of the two geometric discords under the three noisy environments for the Werner-type initial states are the same.
Yan Lei, Yin Wen, Wang Fang-Wei
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 100303 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/100303
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We present the measurement of a hybrid double-dot qubit using a quantum point contact (QPC). To study the dynamics, we derive the rate equations of the entire system. Numerical results show that QPC current can directly reflect the evolution of the qubit. By adjusting Coulomb interaction, energy mismatch, and QPC tunneling rate, the efficiency and dephasing time can be improved. In addition, the initial state with a hybrid triplet state is superior to that with the purely triplet states on the efficiency. Moreover, the decoherence time is estimated on the magnitude of a microsecond, long enough to implement quantum operations.

Zhao Liang-Yuan, Li Hong-Wei, Yin Zhen-Qiang, Chen Wei, You Juan, Han Zheng-Fu
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 100304 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/100304
Full Text: [PDF 394 KB] (42)
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In the original BB84 quantum key distribution protocol, the states are prepared and measured randomly, which lose the unmatched detection results. To improve the sifting efficiency, biased bases selection BB84 protocol is proposed. Meanwhile, a practical quantum key distribution protocol can only transmit a finite number of signals, resulting in keys of finite length. The previous techniques for finite-key analysis focus mainly on the statistical fluctuations of the error rates and yields of the qubits. However, the prior choice probabilities of the two bases also have fluctuations by taking into account the finite-size effect. In this paper, we discuss the security of biased decoy state BB84 protocol with finite resources by considering all of the statistical fluctuations. The results can be directly used in the experimental realizations.

Neha Aggarwal, Sonam Mahajan, Aranya B. Bhattacherjee, Man Mohan
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 100305 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/100305
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We present a detailed study to analyze the Dicke quantum phase transition within the thermodynamic limit for an optomechanically driven Bose-Einstein condensate in a cavity. The photodetection-based quantum optical measurements have been performed to study the dynamics and excitations of this optomechanical Dicke system. For this, we discuss the eigenvalue analysis, fluorescence spectrum and the homodyne spectrum of the system. It has been shown that the normal phase is negligibly affected by the mechanical mode of the mirror while it has a significant effect in the superradiant phase. We have observed that the eigenvalues and the spectra both exhibit distinct features that can be identified with the photonic, atomic and phononic branches. In the fluorescence spectra, we further observe an asymmetric coherent energy exchange between the three degrees of freedom of the system in the superradiant phase arising as a result of optomechanical interaction and Bloch-Siegert shift.
Akpan N. Ikot, S. Zarrinkamar, B. H. Yazarloo, H. Hassanabadi
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 100306 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/100306
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Relativistic symmetries of the Dirac equation under spin and pseudo-spin symmetries are investigated and a combination of Deng-Fan and Eckart potentials with Coulomb-like and Yukawa-like tensor interaction terms are considered. The energy equation is obtained by using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method and the corresponding wave functions are expressed in terms of the hypergeometric functions. The effects of the Coulomb and Yukawa tensor interactions are numerically discussed as well.
Ma Hai-Qiang, Wei Ke-Jin, Yang Jian-Hui, Li Rui-Xue, Zhu Wu
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 100307 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/100307
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We present a full quantum network scheme using a modified BB84 protocol. Unlike other quantum network schemes, it allows quantum keys to be distributed between two arbitrary users with the help of an intermediary detecting user. Moreover, it has good expansibility and prevents all potential attacks using loopholes in a detector, so it is more practical to apply. Because the fiber birefringence effects are automatically compensated, the scheme is distinctly stable in principle and in experiment. The simple components for every user make our scheme easier for many applications. The experimental results demonstrate the stability and feasibility of this scheme.
Han Yi-Wen, Hong Yun
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 100401 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/100401
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In this paper, we study the thermodynamic features of a two-dimensional charged black hole. Weinhold curvature and Ruppeiner curvature are explored as information geometry, respectively. Moreover, based on the Legendre invariant proposed by Hernando Quevedo, the geometro-thermodynamics behavior of this black hole is investigated.
Wang Li-Ming, Tang Yong-Guang, Chai Yong-Quan, Wu Feng
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 100501 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/100501
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An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode strategy is developed for the generalized projective synchronization of a fractional-order chaotic system, where the slave system is not necessarily known in advance. Based on the designed adaptive update laws and the linear feedback method, the adaptive fuzzy sliding controllers are proposed via the fuzzy design, and the strength of the designed controllers can be adaptively adjusted according to the external disturbances. Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, the stability and the robustness of the controlled system are proved theoretically. Numerical simulations further support the theoretical results of the paper and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Moreover, it is revealed that the proposed method allows us to manipulate arbitrarily the response dynamics of the slave system by adjusting the desired scaling factor λi and the desired translating factor ηi, which may be used in a channel-independent chaotic secure communication.
Jia Ren-Xu, Yan Hong-Li, Liu Wen-Jun, Lei Ming
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 100502 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/100502
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Periodic solitons are studied in dispersion decreasing fibers with a cosine profile. The variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which can be used to describe the propagation of solitons, is investigated analytically. Analytic soliton solutions for this equation are derived with the Hirota's bilinear method. Using the soliton solutions, we obtain periodic solitons, and analyze the soliton characteristics. Influences of physical parameters on periodic solitons are discussed. The presented results can be used in optical communication systems and fiber lasers.
Li Jing-Hui
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 100503 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/100503
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In the paper, we investigate two motor proteins moving along the sidesteps: a motor protein moving along a two-dimensional sidestep and another protein moving along a three-dimensional sidestep. The drift coefficients (or stationary average velocities) of these two motor proteins are calculated. We believe that our investigation of the motor proteins moving along the sidesteps in the present paper can benefit the investigation of the transport of the motor proteins to some extent.
Ni Jun-Kang, Liu Chong-Xin, Liu Kai, Liu Ling
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 100504 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/100504
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A new finite-time sliding mode control approach is presented for synchronizing two different topological structure chaotic systems. With the help of the Lyapunov method, the convergence property of the proposed control strategy is discussed in a rigorous manner. Furthermore, it is mathematically proved that our control strategy has a faster convergence speed than the conventional finite-time sliding mode control scheme. In addition, the proposed control strategy can ensure the finite-time synchronization between the master and the slave chaotic systems under internal uncertainties and external disturbances. Simulation results are provided to show the speediness and robustness of the proposed scheme. It is worth noticing that the proposed control scheme is applicable for secure communications.
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
Wang Ke-Dong, Wang Mei-Ting, Meng Ju
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 103101 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/103101
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Allowing for all combinations of internal single-bond rotamers, 1,296 unique trial structures of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) are obtained. All of these structures are optimized at the M06-2X level of theory and a total of 68 local minimal conformers are found. The nine low-lying conformers are used for further studies. According to the calculated relative Gibbs free energies at M06-2X level of theory, we find that the dispersion is important for the relative energy of GABA. The intramolecular hydrogen bonds and hyperconjugative interaction and their effects on the conformational stability are studied. The results show that both of them have great influence on the conformers. The vertical ionization energies (VIE) are calculated and match the experimental data well. The results show that the neutral GABA in the gas phase is a multi-conformer system and at least four conformations exist.
Yang Hai-Feng, Gao Wei, Cheng Hong, Liu Hong-Ping
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 103201 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/103201
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We report on the experimental spectral observations of barium in parallel electric and magnetic fields. The laser pulse is linearly polarized along or perpendicular to the fields, leading to the states m=0 and the states m=±1 populated, respectively, by one photon excitation. By sweeping the electric field, we observe the linear and nonlinear splitting of the diamagnetic spectrum as the electric field increases. The spectral anticrossing is induced by the atomic core effect. The Stark spectrum also shows an obvious nonlinear quadratic behavior when the applied magnetic field varies strongly. All spectra are well explained by the full quantum calculation after taking the quantum defect effects of the channel ns up to nf into account.

Zhang Cai-Xia, Niu Yu-Quan, Meng Qing-Tian
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 103301 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/103301
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The dynamics of the double-channel dissociation of the NaCs molecule is investigated by using the time-dependent wave packet (TDWP) method with the “split operator-Fourier transform” scheme. At a given wavelength and intensity of laser pulse, the population of each state changing with time is obtained. The photo-absorption spectra and kinetic-energy distribution of the dissociation fragments, which exhibit vibration-level structure and dispersion of the wave packet, respectively, are also obtained. The results show that by increasing the laser intensity, one can find not only the band center shift of the photo-absorption spectrum, but also the change of the fragment energy. The appearance of the diffusive band in the photo-absorption spectrum and the multiple peaks in the kinetic-energy spectrum can be attributed to the effects of the predissociation limit and the external field.

Tong Ai-Hong, Liu Dan, Feng Guo-Qiang
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 103302 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/103302
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Using the classical ensemble method, we investigate nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of diatomic molecules by elliptically polarized laser pulses. The results show that the ellipticity of the laser field has a strong suppression effect on NSDI probabilities both in parallel and perpendicular alignments. The double ionization (DI) channel is commonly dominated by NSDI, and the NSDI channel changes with ellipticity. As ellipticity increases, more and more NSDIs occur through recollision excitation with subsequent field ionization (RESI). Moreover, like the case of linear polarization, the two electrons involved in NSDI for perpendicularly aligned molecules are more likely to emit into the opposite hemispheres as compared to the case of parallel alignment. Additionally, this alignment effect increases as ellipticity increases.
Xia Wen-Bin, Gao Jin-Long, Zhang Shao-Yin, Chen Le-Yi, Tang Yan-Mei, Tang Shao-Long, Du You-Wei
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 103303 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/103303
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Co double layer film (CoDLF) consisting of a disk-array layer and an antidot-array layer, both with square order, was investigated. Both the reflectivity and Kerr spectra of CoDLF show anisotropic effects when the azimuthal angle of incident light changes. From the simulation result of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), we attribute the reflectivity minima and Kerr angle maxima in the spectra mainly to the excitation of different diffractional orders' SPPs. More interestingly, the Kerr angle changes sign at specific wavelengths. We attribute these phenomena to the excitation of SPPs and localized surface plasmons (LSPs), and the interaction between them.

A. Afaq, K. Farooq, M. A. Khan, Yi Xue-Xi
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 103304 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/103304
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The electron flux oscillations in photo-detachment of a non-collinear tri-atomic anion have been studied by taking each atom of the system as a coherent source of detached-electron wave. These electron waves traversing along three different trajectories result in a quantum interference. An analytical expression of detached-electron flux is evaluated for various detached-electron energies and for different geometrical shapes of the system. The results show that the electron flux distributions exhibit molecular shape-induced oscillatory structures. These oscillations are explained using the semi-classical closed-orbit theory; the outgoing electron waves produced from one center are propagated in the vicinity of the sources at other centers. It is also observed that in a particular case our non-collinear tri-atomic system reduces to the collinear tri-atomic system recently published.

ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS
Gao Qiong, Yi Shi-He, Jiang Zong-Fu
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104201 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104201
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Based on the measurement of one-dimensional (1D) optical path difference (OPD) of the supersonic turbulent boundary layer, an analytical form for the power spectrum of the two-dimensional (2D) OPD is obtained with its structure function and under the locally homogeneous isotropic assumption. The universality of this spectrum is argued, and its validity is checked by the comparison with experimental result. The potential applications of this model in theoretical and numerical studies are emphasized. Another contribution of this work is around the application of correlation function to analyzing the statistics of OPD. Based on our results and other results published elsewhere, we show that the OPD is often not stationary, and one should be cautious about using this tool.
Liu Wei, Liu Shuang-Long, Chen Dan-Ni, Niu Han-Ben
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104202 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104202
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In the implementation of CARS nanoscopy, signal strength decreases with focal volume size decreasing. A crucial problem that remains to be solved is whether the reduced signal generated in the suppressed focal volume can be detected. Here reported is a theoretical analysis of detection limit (DL) to time-resolved CARS (T-CARS) nanoscopy based on our proposed additional probe-beam-induced phonon depletion (APIPD) method for the low concentration samples. In order to acquire a detailed shot-noise limited signal-to-noise (SNR) and the involved parameters to evaluate DL, the T-CARS process is described with full quantum theory to estimate the extreme power density levels of the pump and Stokes beams determined by saturation behavior of coherent phonons, which are both actually on the order of ～ 1019 W/cm2. When the pump and Stokes intensities reach such values and the total intensity of the excitation beams arrives at a maximum tolerable by most biological samples in a certain suppressed focal volume (40-nm suppressed focal scale in APIPD method), the DL correspondingly varies with exposure time, for example, DL values are 103 and 102 when exposure times are 20 ms and 200 ms respectively.
Fan Meng, Chen Liang-Fu, Li Shen-Shen, Tao Jin-Hua, Su Lin, Zou Ming-Min
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104203 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104203
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Three typical polluted dust particles (i.e., single coated dust, two-sphere/spheroid system, and coated dust with aggregate) including internal and semi-external mixtures are modeled, and their scattering properties at 1.6-μm wavelength are calculated by using the generalized multi-sphere Mie-solution (GMM) method. We investigate the influences of particle size, morphology, and chemical composition on the scattering parameters of polluted dust particles. The analysis results demonstrate that the single scattering albedo of coated dust is much smaller than that of pure dust, especially for the spheroidal black carbon (BC) coated dust. When a dust particle semi-mixes with another aerosol particle to form a two-sphere/spheroid system, its scattering properties are much more sensitive to the size and species of monomers than the monomer shape. If an aggregated BC attaches to the coated dust, the scattering properties of whole particle mainly depend on the host particle (coated dust).
Zhang Guo-Feng, Wang Xiao, Lü Guang-Hong
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104204 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104204
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Quantum correlation, measured by measurement-induced disturbance (MID), between two two-level atoms is investigated in detail in Tavis-Cummings model with dipole-dipole interaction (DDI). We find that MID can be determined only by the dipole-dipole interaction between the two atoms when the cavity and atoms are at resonance. Moreover, DDI will have different effects on MID for two different kinds of initial states.
Seyyed Hossein Asadpour, H. Rahimpour Soleimani
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104205 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104205
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A double cascade-type four-level multiple-quantum-well-based exciton-biexciton transitions are proposed. The study is carried out on a 4.8-nm ZnSe single-quantum well which is embedded into ZnMgSSe cladding layers and pseudomorphically grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a (0 0 1) GaAs substrate. It is displayed that the exciton spin relaxation and relative phases between applied fields can influence the transient and steady-state behaviors of absorption, dispersion, and group velocity of two weak probe and signal fields. Also, transient behaviors of electron population of different levels are discussed. It is found that the probe or signal amplification occurs in the absence of population inversion.
Hu Zhen-Yue, Yan Ping, Xiao Qi-Rong, Liu Qiang, Gong Ma-Li
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104206 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104206
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In this paper, we report that a diode-pumped thulium-doped double clad silica fiber laser can provide powers of up to 227 W at 1908 nm, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 54.3%, and an optical-to-optical efficiency of 51.2%. The output power, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest output at 1908 nm. The beam quality M2 factor is about 1.56. Also discussed in this paper is the dependence of the laser performance on fiber length.
Yin Rong, Wan Wen-Jian, Zhang Zhen-Zhen, Tan Zhi-Yong, Cao Jun-Cheng
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104207 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104207
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The terahertz quantum-cascade laser (THz QCL) based on bound-to-continuum structure is demonstrated. The X-ray diffraction measurement of the material shows a high crystalline quality of the active region. A THz QCL device was fabricated with semi-insulating surface-plasmon waveguide. The test device is lasing at about 3 THz and operating up to 60 K. It shows a single frequency property under different drive currents and temperatures. At 9 K, the maximum output power is greater than 2 mW with a threshold current density of 159 A/cm2.

Bai Dong-Bi, Li Wen-Xue, Yang Kang-Wen, Shen Xu-Ling, Chen Xiu-Liang, Zeng He-Ping
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104208 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104208
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We report on controllable pulse shaping in a Yb-doped stretched-pulse fiber laser followed by a high-power chirped pulse amplifier. We demonstrate that the pulses after an extra-cavity grating pair change their intensity profile from Lorentz to Gaussian and then to sech2 shapes by adjusting the intra-cavity polarization through a quarter-wave plate inside the fiber laser cavity. The laser pulses with different pulse shapes exhibit pulse-to-pulse amplitude fluctuation of ～ 1.02%, while the sech2-shaped pulse train is provided with a more stable free-running repetition rate as a result of the stronger self-phase modulation in the fiber laser cavity than Lorentz-and Gaussian-shaped pulse trains.
Dong Yu, Wang Guang-Long, Wang Hong-Pei, Ni Hai-Qiao, Chen Jian-Hui, Gao Feng-Qi, Qiao Zhong-Tao, Yang Xiao-Hong, Niu Zhi-Chuan
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104209 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104209
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A resonant cavity-enhanced (RCE) quantum dot (QD) field-effect transistor (RCEQDFET) is designed for single-photon detection in this paper. Adding distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) mirrors to the single-photon detector (SPD), we improve the light absorption efficiency of the SPD. The effects of the reflectivity of the mirrors, the thickness and light absorption coefficient of the absorbing layer on the detector's light absorption efficiency are investigated, and the resonant cavity is determined by using the air/semiconductor interface as the mirror on the top. Through analyzing the relationship between the refractive index of AlxGa1-xAs and Al component, we choose AlAs/Al0.15Ga0.85As as the material of the mirror on the bottom. The pairs of AlAs/Al0.15Ga0.85As film are further determined to be 21 by calculating the reflectivity of the mirror. The detector is fabricated from semiconductor heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The reflection spectrum, photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, photocurrent response, and channel current of the detector are tested and the results show that the RCEQDFET-SPD designed in this paper has better performances in photonic response and wavelength selection.
Diao Han-Hu, Zheng Ying-Hui, Zhong Yue, Zeng Zhi-Nan, Ge Xiao-Chun, Li Chuang, Li Ru-Xin, Xu Zhi-Zhan
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104210 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104210
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The influence of the carrier-envelope phase on high-harmonic generation is investigated, both experimentally and theoretically, for three different interaction gas media, driven by mid-infrared, few-cycle and CEP-stabilized laser pulses. Different patterns of harmonic spectra with varying CEP for the three interaction gas media are observed. Furthermore, in comparing our experiment results to the previous works driven by near-infrared laser pulses, different phenomena are found. Through numerical simulation, we find that for the two different kinds of driving fields, i.e. mid-infrared and near-infrared laser pulses, different kinds of electron trajectories contribute to the generation of high harmonics.

Tian Jia, Li Min, Yu Ji-Zhou, Deng Yong-Kai, Liu Yun-Quan
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104211 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104211
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Both polarization gating (PG) and double optical gating (DOG) are productive methods to generate single attosecond (as) pulses. In this paper, considering the ground-state depletion effect, we investigate the wavelength-dependence of the DOG method in order to optimize the generation of single attosecond pulses for the future application. By calculating the ionization probabilities of the leading edge of the pulse at different driving laser wavelengths, we obtain the upper limit of duration for the driving laser pulse for the DOG setup. We find that the upper limit duration increases with the increase of laser wavelength. We further describe the technical method of choosing and calculating the thickness values of optical components for the DOG setup.
Wang Tao, Kang Zhe, Yuan Jin-Hui, Tian Ye, Yan Bin-Bin, Sang Xin-Zhu, Yu Chong-Xiu
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104212 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104212
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We propose a novel lumped time-delay compensation scheme for all-optical analog-to-digital conversion based on soliton self-frequency shift and optical interconnection techniques. A linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating is optimally designed and used to compensate for the entire time-delays of the quantized pulses precisely. Simulation results show that the compensated coding pulses are well synchronized with a time difference less than 3.3 ps, which can support a maximum sampling rate of 151.52 GSa/s. The proposed scheme can efficiently reduce the structure complexity and cost of all-optical analog-to-digital conversion compared to the previous schemes with multiple optical time-delay lines.
Liu Hai-Dong, Jin Hong-Zhen, Dong Liang-Wei
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104213 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104213
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We investigate the existence and stability of different families of spatial solitons in optical waveguide arrays whose amplitudes obey a disordered distribution. The competition between focusing nonlinearity and linearly disordered refractive index modulation results in the formation of spatial localized nonlinear states. Solitons originating from Anderson modes with few nodes are robust during propagation. While multi-peaked solitons with in-phase neighboring components are completely unstable, multipole-mode solitons whose neighboring components are out-of-phase can propagate stably in wide parameter regions provided that their power exceeds a critical value. Our findings, thus, provide the first example of stable higher-order nonlinear states in disordered systems.
Pang Wei, Fu Shen-He, Wu Jian-Xiong, Li Yong-Yao, Mai Zhi-Jie
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104214 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104214
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We investigate the nonlinear modes in a rotating double well potential with PT symmetry. Focus on the existence and stability of the nonlinear PT modes in this system, we found that five types of PT modes can stably exist by given certain parameter settings. The multistable area between these modes are studied numerically and the bistable and tristable areas are delimited. With different input trial wavefunctions, five types of solitary wave modes are identified. We found that the rotating of the potential can significantly affect the power flow of the fundamental harmonic mode, whose effect is absent for the other modes.
Zhang Juan, Fu Wen-Peng, Zhang Rong-Jun, Wang Yang
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104215 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104215
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A method of describing one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) based on Z-domain digital signal processing theory is presented. The analytical expression of the target band gap spectrum in the digital domain is obtained by the autocorrelation of its impulse response. The feasibility of this method is verified by reconstructing two simple 1DPC structures with a target photonic band gap obtained by the traditional transfer matrix method. This method provides an effective approach to function-guided designs of interference-based band gap structures for photonic applications.

Li Jing, Ning Ti-Gang, Pei Li, Jian Wei, You Hai-Dong, Wen Xiao-Dong, Chen Hong-Yao, Zhang Chan, Zheng Jing-Jing
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104216 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104216
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A photonic-assisted radio frequency phase shifter with direct current voltage control is proposed using a polymer-based integrated Mach-Zehnder modulator. A closed-form expression of radio frequency (RF) signal power and phase is given. Theoretical calculation reveals that by carefully setting the bias voltages, RF signal power variation lower than 1-dB and phase accuracy less than 3° can be achieved and are not degraded by perturbation of modulation index once the bias voltage drift is kept within -3% ～ 3%.
Wang He-Qun, Pei Jing, Pan Long-Fa
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104217 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104217
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In this paper, we describe an improved adaptive partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) method combining modulation code for signal waveform modulation multi-level disc. This improved adaptive PRML method employs partial response equalizer and adaptive viterbi detector combining modulation code. Compared with the traditional adaptive PRML detector, the improved PRML detector additionally employs illogical sequence detector and corrector. Illogical sequence detector and corrector can avoid the appearance of illogical sequences effectively, which do not follow the law of modulation code for signal waveform modulation multi-level disc, and obtain the correct sequences. We implement the improved PRML detector using a DSP and an FPGA chip. The experimental results show good performance. The higher efficient and lower complexity can be obtained by using the improved PRML method than by using the previous PRML method. Meanwhile, resource utilization of the improved PRML detector is not changed, but the bit error rate (BER) is reduced by more than 20%.
Bao Ya-Jie, Li Shu-Guang, Zhang Wan, An Guo-Wen, Fan Zhen-Kai
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104218 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104218
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We have proposed a novel kind of photonic crystal fiber which contains two asymmetric cores. The birefringence and the dispersion are numerically analyzed based on finite element method when the size of the air holes and the pitch of two adjacent air holes are changed. It is shown that the proposed photonic crystal fiber has high birefringence up to the order of 10-2 and double-zero dispersion points are at the wavelengths of 1310 nm and 800 nm, simultaneously. At the same time, the normalized power and the extinction ratios of the proposed photonic crystal fiber have been simulated. It is demonstrated that, at the wavelength of 1310 nm, the x-polarized mode and the y-polarized mode are separated when the propagation distance is 2.481 mm.

Han Ya, Xia Li, Liu De-Ming
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104219 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104219
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We propose a side-core holey fiber (SCHF)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor to achieve high refractive index (RI) sensitivity. The SCHF structure can facilitate analyte filling and enhance the overlapping area of the core mode and surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode. The coupling properties of the sensor are analyzed by numerical simulation. The maximum sensitivity of 5000 nm/RIU in an RI range of 1.33-1.44, and the average sensitivity of 9295 nm/RIU in an RI range from 1.44 to 1.54 can be obtained.
Chen Lei, Zhang Wei-Gang, Wang Li, Bai Zhi-Yong, Zhang Shan-Shan, Wang Biao, Yan Tie-Yi, Jonathan Sieg
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104220 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104220
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A new polarization rotator based on the silica photonic crystal fiber is proposed. The proposed polarization rotator photonic crystal fiber (PR-PCF) possesses a triangle jigsaw-shape core region. The full-vector finite-element method is used to analyze the phenomenon of polarization conversion between the quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes. Numerical simulations show that the wavelengths of 1.31 μm and 1.55 μm are converted with a nearly 100% polarization conversion ratio with their matched coupling length and has a relatively strong realistic fabrication tolerance-100 nm on the y axis and 50 nm on the x axis. The full vectorial finite difference beam propagation method is used to confirm the performance of the proposed PR-PCF.
Xiao Qi-Rong, Yan Ping, Sun Jun-Yi, Chen Xiao, Ren Hai-Cui, Gong Ma-Li
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104221 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104221
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Theoretical and experimental studies of the influence of the mode competition on the output beam quality of fiber amplifiers are presented. Rate equations and modal decomposition method are used in the theoretical model. In the experiment, the output beam-quality factor of a fiber amplifier, which is based on a Yb-doped double-clad large mode area fiber as a function of the seed beam quality and the pump power of the amplifier, is measured. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis.
Cheng Bing, Wang Zhao-Ying, Wu Bin, Xu Ao-Peng, Wang Qi-Yu, Xu Yun-Fei, Lin Qiang
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104222 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104222
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The stabilizing and shifting of laser frequency are very important for the interaction between the laser and atoms. The modulation transfer spectroscopy for the 87Rb atom with D2 line transition F=2→F'=3 is used for stabilizing and shifting the frequency of the external cavity grating feedback diode laser. The resonant phase modulator with electro–optical effect is used to generate frequency sideband to lock the laser frequency. In the locking scheme, circularly polarized pump-and probe-beams are used. By optimizing the temperature of the vapor, the pump-and probe-beam intensity, the laser linewidth of 280 kHz is obtained. Furthermore, the magnetic field generated by a solenoid is added into the system. Therefore the system can achieve the frequency locking at any point in a range of hundreds of megahertz frequency shifting with very low power loss.
Asadpour Seyyed Hossein, Rahimpour Soleimani H
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104223 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104223
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The effect of Er3+ ion concentration on transient and steady-state behavior in 45-nm Er3+ :YAG crystal is investigated. It is shown that by changing the signal field, the coherent field and the concentration of Er3+ ions in the crystal, the absorption, dispersion, and group index of the weak probe field can be adjusted. Also, it is found that the probe absorption occurs in the presence of population inversion and probe amplification is obtained in the absence of population inversion.
Yi Juan, Qiu Jian-Bei, Wang Yu-An, Zhou Da-Cheng
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104224 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104224
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A complete solid solutions with monophasic zircon-type structure of vanadates of formula GdxBi0.95-xVO4:0.05Eu3+ (x=0-0.95) are synthesized by combined method of co-precipitation and hydrothermal synthesis. Their microstructures and morphologies are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electronic microscope, and the results show that each of all the samples has a monophasic zircon-type structure. The absorption spectrum of the prepared phosphor shows a blue-shift of the fundamental absorption band edge with increasing the gadolinium content. Under UV-light and visible-light excitation, all the prepared phosphors show the typical luminescence properties of Eu3+ in the zircon-type structure. The emission intensity of GdxBi0.95-xVO4:0.05Eu3+ (x=0.55) is strongest in all samples under UV-light and visible-light excitations. Finally, the mechanisms of luminescence of Eu3+ in the GdxBi0.95-xVO4:0.05Eu3+ (x=0-0.95) solid solutions are analyzed and discussed.
Zhang Lue, Zhang Ying, Liu Xiao-Zhou, Gong Xiu-Fen
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104301 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104301
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Solid materials with cracks exhibit the nonclassical nonlinear acoustical behavior. The micro-defects in solid materials can be detected by nonlinear elastic wave spectroscopy (NEWS) method with a time-reversal (TR) mirror. While defects lie in viscoelastic solid material with different distances from one another, the nonlinear and hysteretic stress-strain relation is established with Preisach-Mayergoyz (PM) model in crack zone. Pulse inversion (PI) and TR methods are used in numerical simulation and defect locations can be determined from images obtained by the maximum value. Since false-positive defects might appear and degrade the imaging when the defects are located quite closely, the maximum value imaging with a time window is introduced to analyze how defects affect each other and how the fake one occurs. Furthermore, NEWS-TR-NEWS method is put forward to improve NEWS-TR scheme, with another forward propagation (NEWS) added to the existing phases (NEWS and TR). In the added phase, scanner locations are determined by locations of all defects imaged in previous phases, so that whether an imaged defect is real can be deduced. NEWS-TR-NEWS method is proved to be effective to distinguish real defects from the false-positive ones. Moreover, it is also helpful to detect the crack that is weaker than others during imaging procedure.
Wu Jun, Fan Ting-Bo, Xu Di, Zhang Dong
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104302 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104302
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Sub-harmonic component generated from microbubbles is proven to be potentially used in noninvasive blood pressure measurement. Both theoretical and experimental studies are performed in the present work to investigate the dependence of the sub-harmonic generation on the overpressure with different excitation pressure amplitudes and pulse lengths. With 4-MHz ultrasound excitation at an applied acoustic pressure amplitude of 0.24 MPa, the measured sub-harmonic amplitude exhibits a decreasing change as overpressure increases; while non-monotonic change is observed for the applied acoustic pressures of 0.36 MPa and 0.48 MPa, and the peak position in the curve of the sub-harmonic response versus the overpressure shifts toward higher overpressure as the excitation pressure amplitude increases. Furthermore, the exciting pulse with long duration could lead to a better sensitivity of the sub-harmonic response to overpressure. The measured results are explained by the numerical simulations based on the Marmottant model. The numerical simulations qualitatively accord with the measured results. This work might provide a preliminary proof for the optimization of the noninvasive blood pressure measurement through using sub-harmonic generation from microbubbles.
Guo Liang, Liu Guo-Qiang, Xia Hui, Liu Yu, Lu Min-Hua
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104303 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104303
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Conductivities tomography with the interactions of magnetic field, electrical field, and ultrasound field is presented in this paper. We utilize a beam of ultrasound in scanning mode instead of the traditional ultrasound field generated by point source. Many formulae for the reconstruction of conductivities are derived from the voltage signals detected by two electrodes arranged somewhere on tissue's surface. In a forward problem, the numerical solutions of ultrasound fields generated by the piston transducer are calculated using the angular spectrum method and its Green's function is designed approximately in far fields. In an inverse problems, the magneto-acousto-electrical voltage signals are proved to satisfy the wave equations if the voltage signals are extended to the whole region from the boundary locations of transducers. Thus the time-reversal method is applied to reconstructing the curl of the reciprocal current density. In addition, a least square iteration method of recovering conductivities from reciprocal current densities is discussed.
Yang Hai-Bin, Li Yue, Zhao Hong-Gang, Wen Ji-Hong, Wen Xi-Sen
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104304 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104304
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The acoustic properties of anechoic layers with a singly periodic array of cylindrical scatterers are investigated. A method combined plane wave expansion and finite element analysis is extended for out-of-plane incidence. The reflection characteristics of the anechoic layers with cavities and locally resonant scatterers are discussed. The backing is a steel plate followed by an air half space. Under this approximate zero transmission backing condition, the reflection reduction is induced by the absorption enhancement. The absorption mechanism is explained by the scattering/absorption cross section of the isolated scatterer. Three types of resonant modes which can induce efficient absorption are revealed. Due to the fact that the frequencies of the resonant modes are related to the size of the scatterers, anechoic layers with scatterers of mixed size can broaden the absorption band. A genetic optimization algorithm is adopted to design the anechoic layer with scatterers of mixed size at a desired frequency band from 2 kHz to 10 kHz for normal incidence, and the influence of the incident angle is also discussed.
Zhang Xiang-Wu, Li Yuan-Yuan, Zhao Xiao-Xia, Luo Wen-Feng
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104501 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104501
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In this paper we study the higher-order differential variational principle and differential equations of motion for mechanical systems in event space. Based on the higher-order d'Alembert principle of the system, the higher-order velocity energy and the higher-order acceleration energy of the system in event space are defined, the higher-order d'Alembert-Lagrange principle of the system in event space is established, and the parametric forms of Euler-Lagrange, Nielsen and Appell for this principle are given. Finally, the higher-order differential equations of motion for holonomic systems in event space are obtained.

Liu Shuang, Li Xue, Tan Shu-Xian, Li Hai-Bin
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104502 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104502
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This paper investigates the Hopf bifurcations resulting from time delay in a coupled relative-rotation system with time-delay feedbacks. Firstly, considering external excitation, the dynamical equation of relative rotation nonlinear dynamical system with primary resonance and 1:1 internal resonance under time-delay feedbacks is deduced. Secondly, the averaging equation is obtained by the multiple scales method. The periodic solution in a closed form is presented by a perturbation approach. At last, numerical simulations confirm that time-delay theoretical analyses have influence on the Hopf bifurcation point and the stability of periodic solution.
Swati Mukhopadhyay, Iswar Ch, ra Moindal, Tasawar Hayat
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104701 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104701
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This article numerically examines the boundary layer flow due to an exponentially stretching surface in the presence of an applied magnetic field. Casson fluid model is used to characterize the non-Newtonian fluid behavior. The flow is subjected to suction/blowing at the surface. Analysis is carried out in presence of thermal radiation and prescribed surface heat flux. In this study, an exponential order stretching velocity and prescribed exponential order surface heat flux are accorded with each other. The governing partial differential equations are first converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using appropriate transformations and then solved numerically. The effect of increasing values of the Casson parameter is to suppress the velocity field. However the temperature is enhanced when Casson parameter increases. It is found that the skin-friction coefficient increases with increasing values of suction parameter. Temperature also increases for large values of power index n in both suction and blowing cases at the boundary. It is observed that the thermal radiation enhances the effective thermal diffusivity and hence the temperature rises.
Fu Jia, Yi Shi-He, Wang Xiao-Hu, He Lin, Ge Yong
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104702 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104702
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The experimental study focuses on the heat flux on a double cone blunt body in the presence of tangential-slot supersonic injection into hypersonic flow. The tests are conducted in a contoured axisymmetric nozzle with Mach numbers of 7.3 and 8.1, and the total temperature is about 900 K. The injection Mach number is 3.2, and total temperature is 300 K. A constant voltage circuit is developed to supply the temperature detectors instead of the normally used constant current circuit. The schlieren photographs are presented additionally to visualize the flow and help analyze the pressure relationship between the cooling flow and the main flow. The dependence of the film-cooling effectiveness on flow parameters, i.e. the blow ratio, the convective Mach number, and the attack angle, is determined. A semi-empirical formula is tested by the present data, and is improved for a better correlation.
Wang Wei, Guan Xin-Lei, Jiang Nan
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 104703 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/104703
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The present experimental work focuses on a new model for space-time correlation and the scale-dependencies of convection velocity and sweep velocity in turbulent boundary layer over a flat wall. A turbulent boundary layer flow at Reθ=2460 is measured by tomographic particle image velocimetry (tomographic PIV). It is demonstrated that arch, cane, and hairpin vortices are dominant in the logarithmic layer. Hairpins and hairpin packets are responsible for the elongated low-momentum zones observed in the instantaneous flow field. The conditionally-averaged coherent structures systemically illustrate the key roles of hairpin vortice in the turbulence dynamic events, such as ejection and sweep events and energy transport. The space-time correlations of instantaneous streamwise fluctuation velocity are calculated and confirm the new elliptic model for the space-time correlation instead of Taylor hypothesis. The convection velocities derived from the space-time correlation and conditionally-averaged method both suggest the scaling with the local mean velocity in the logarithmic layer. Convection velocity result based on Fourier decomposition (FD) shows stronger scale-dependency in the spanwise direction than in streamwise direction. Compared with FD, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) has a distinct distribution of convection velocity for the large-and small-scales which are separated in light of their contributions of turbulent kinetic energy.
PHYSICS OF GASES, PLASMAS, AND ELECTRIC DISCHARGES
Zhang Wei, Hu Li-Qun, Sun You-Wen, Ding Si-Ye, Zhang Zi-Jun, Liu Song-Lin
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 105201 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/105201
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A peculiar first orbit loss type was found apart from the normal ones when we use ORBIT code to simulate fast ion orbits in the EAST tokamak. Fast ion orbits were studied in the presence of toroidal field (TF) ripple and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) perturbations. We analyzed the properties of the drifted orbits in detail and compared their differences, finding that the combined effects of ripple and magnetic islands are much greater than the effects of either one of them alone. Then we investigated the orbit deviations as a function of pitch angle in different radial positions. The modeling results demonstrate that the loss of trapped particles is mainly caused by the ripple, while MHD perturbation mainly plays an important role in the passing particles. Furthermore we modeled the loss rate using different equilibriums. Results prove that a higher beta can indeed improve the confinement of fast ions, while a little change in the q profile can make the topologies of magnetic islands become quite different and results in quite different total particle losses.

Cheng Yu-Guo, Cheng Mou-Sen, Wang Mo-Ge, Li Xiao-Kang
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 105202 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/105202
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Helicon discharges have attracted great attention in the electric propulsion community in recent years. To acquire the equilibrium properties, a self-consistent model is developed, which combines the helicon/Trivelpiece-Gould (TG) waves-plasma interaction mechanism and the plasma flow theory under the confinement of the magnetic field. The calculations reproduce the central peak density phenomenon observed in the experiments. The results show that when operating in the wave coupling mode, high magnetic field strength B0 results in the deviation of the central density versus B0 from the linear relationship, while the density rise becomes flatter as the radiofrequency (rf) input power Prf grows, and the electron temperature Te radial profile is mainly determined by the characteristic of the rf energy deposition. The model could provide suggestions in choosing the B0 and Prf for medium power helicon thrusters.
U. Ikhlaq, R. Ahmad, M. Shafiq, S. Saleem, M. S. Shah, T. Hussain, I. A. Khan, K. Abbas, M. S. Abbas
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 105203 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/105203
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Molybdenum is nitrided by a 100-Hz pulsed DC glow discharge technique for various time durations and fill gas pressures to study the effects on the surface properties of molybdenum. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used for the structural and morphological analysis of the nitrided layers. Vickers' microhardness tester is utilized to investigate surface microhardness. Phase analysis shows the formation of more molybdenum nitride molecules for longer nitriding durations at fill gas pressures of 2 mbar and 3 mbar (1 bar=105 Pa). A considerable increase in surface microhardness (approximately by a factor of 2) is observed for longer duration (10 h) and 2-mbar pressure. Longer duration (10 h) and 2-mbar fill gas pressure favors the formation of homogeneous, smooth, hard layers by the incorporation of more nitrogen.
CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, AND THERMAL PROPERTIES
Xu Nan-Nan, Li Gong-Ping, Pan Xiao-Dong, Wang Yun-Bo, Chen Jing-Sheng, Bao Liang-Man
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 106101 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/106101
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Remarkable room temperature ferromagnetism in pure single-crystal rutile TiO2 (001) samples irradiated by D-D neutron has been investigated. By combining X-ray diffraction and positron annihilation lifetime, the contracted lattice has been clearly identified in irradiated TiO2, where Ti4+ ions can be easily reduced to the state of Ti3+. As there were no magnetic impurities that could contaminate the samples during the whole procedure, some Ti3+ ions reside on interstitial or substituted sites accompanied by oxygen vacancies should be responsible for the ferromagnetism.

Zheng Qi-Wen, Yu Xue-Feng, Cui Jiang-Wei, Guo Qi, Ren Di-Yuan, Cong Zhong-Chao, Zhou Hang
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 106102 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/106102
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Pattern imprinting in deep sub-micron static random access memories (SRAMs) during total dose irradiation is investigated in detail. As the dose accumulates, the data pattern of memory cells loading during irradiation is gradually imprinted on their background data pattern. We build a relationship between the memory cell's static noise margin (SNM) and the background data, and study the influence of irradiation on the probability density function of ΔSNM, which is the difference between two data sides' SNMs, to discuss the reason for pattern imprinting. Finally, we demonstrate that, for micron and deep sub-micron devices, the mechanism of pattern imprinting is the bias-dependent threshold shift of the transistor, but for a deep sub-micron device the shift results from charge trapping in the shallow trench isolation (STI) oxide rather than from the gate oxide of the micron-device.
Fan Tian-You, Tang Zhi-Yi
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 106103 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/106103
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A plastic crack model for smectic A liquid crystals under longitudinal shear is suggested. The solution of the screw dislocation in smectic A is the key to the correct result that we obtained by overcoming a longstanding puzzle. We further use the dislocation pile-up principle and the singular integral equation method to construct the solution of the crack in the phase. From the solution, we can determine the size of the plastic zone at the crack tip and the crack tip opening (tearing) displacement, which are the parameters relevant to the local stability/instability of materials. Our results may be useful for developing soft-matter mechanics.
Li Lian-He, Yun Guo-Hong
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 106104 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/106104
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Based on the variational principle, a continuum theory of surface elasticity and new boundary conditions for quasicrystals is proposed. The effect of the residual surface stress on a decagonal quasicrystal that is weakened by a nanoscale elliptical hole is considered. The explicit expressions for the hoop stress along the edge of the hole are obtained using the Stroh formalism. The results show that the residual surface stress and the shape of the hole have a significant effect on the elastic state around the hole.
Cui Shu-Wen, Zhu Ru-Zeng, Wang Xiao-Song, Yang Hong-Xiu
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 106105 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/106105
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The effects of the diameters of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) (7.83 Å to 27.40 Å) and temperature (20 K-45 K) on the equilibrium structure of an argon cluster are systematically studied by molecular dynamics simulation with consideration of the SWCNTs to be fixed. Since the diameters of SWCNTs with different chiralities increase when temperature is fixed at 20 K, the equilibrium structures of the argon cluster transform from monoatomic chains to helical and then to multishell coaxial cylinders. Chirality has almost no noticeable influence on these cylindrosymmetric structures. The effects of temperature and a non-equilibrium sudden heating process on the structures of argon clusters in SWCNTs are also studied by molecular dynamics simulation.
Huang Cheng-Cheng, Zhang Xia, Xu Fu-Jun, Xu Zheng-Yu, Chen Guang, Yang Zhi-Jian, Tang Ning, Wang Xin-Qiang, Shen Bo
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 106106 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/106106
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Epitaxial evolution of buried cracks in a strain-controlled AlN/GaN superlattice interlayer (IL) grown on GaN template, resulting in crack-free AlGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQW), was investigated. The processes of filling the buried cracks include crack formation in the IL, coalescence from both side walls of the crack, build-up of an MQW-layer hump above the cracks, lateral expansion and merging with the surrounding MQW, and two-dimensional step flow growth. It was confirmed that the filling content in the buried cracks is pure GaN, originating from the deposition of the GaN thin layer directly after the IL. Migration of Ga adatoms into the cracks plays a key role in the filling the buried cracks.

Li Zhi-Wu, Kong Xiang-Shan, Liu-Wei, Liu Chang-Song, Fang Qian-Feng
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 106107 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/106107
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We investigate the segregation behavior of alloying atoms (Sr, Th, In, Cd, Ag, Sc, Au, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, and Ti) near Σ3 (111) [110] tilt symmetric grain boundary (GB) in tungsten and their effects on the intergranular embrittlement by performing first-principles calculations. The calculated segregation energies suggest that Ag, Au, Cd, In, Sc, Sr, Th, and Ti prefer to occupy the site in the mirror plane of the GB, while Cu, Cr, Mn, and Zn intend to locate at the first layer nearby the GB core. The calculated strengthening energies predict Sr, Th, In, Cd, Ag, Sc, Au, Ti, and Zn act as embrittlers while Cu, Cr, and Mn act as cohesion enhancers. The correlation of the alloying atom's metal radius with strengthening energy is strong enough to predict the strengthening and embrittling behavior of alloying atoms; that is, the alloying atom with larger metal radius than W acts as an embrittler and the one with smaller metal radius acts as a cohesion enhancer.
Muhammad Zafar, Shabbir Ahmed, M. Shakil, M. A. Choudhary
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 106108 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/106108
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In this study the pseudo-potential method is used to investigate the structural, electronic, and thermodynamic properties of ZnO1-xSx semiconductor materials. The results show that the electronic properties are found to be improved when calculated by using LDA+U functional as compared with local density approximation (LDA). At various concentrations the ground-state properties are determined for bulk materials ZnO, ZnS, and their tertiary alloys in cubic zinc-blende phase. From the results, a minor difference is observed between the lattice parameters from Vegard's law and other calculated results, which may be due to the large mismatch between lattice parameters of binary compounds ZnO and ZnS. A small deviation in the bulk modulus from linear concentration dependence is also observed for each of these alloys. The thermodynamic properties, including the phonon contribution to Helmholtz free energy ΔF, phonon contribution to internal energy ΔE, and specific heat at constant-volume CV, are calculated within quasi-harmonic approximation based on the calculated phonon dispersion relations.
Li Shan-Dong, Cai Zhi-Yi, Xu Jie, Cao Xiao-Qin, Du Hong-Lei, Xue Qian, Gao Xiao-Yang, Xie Shi-Ming
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 106201 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/106201
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Large and variable in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in a nanocrystalline (Co2FeAl)97.8(Al2O3)2.2 soft magnetic thin film is obtained by an oblique sputtering method without being induced by magnetic field or post annealing. The in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy varies from 50 Oe to 180 Oe (1 Oe=79.5775 A·m-1) by adjusting the sample's position. As a result, the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of the film increases from 1.9 GHz to 3.75 GHz.

Yang Yu-Lin, Lu Yu
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 106501 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/106501
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In this work the thermal transport properties of graphene nanoribbons with randomly distributed vacancy defects are investigated by the reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method. We find that the thermal conductivity of the graphene nanoribbons decreases as the defect coverage increases and is saturated in a high defect ratio range. Further analysis reveals a strong mismatch in the phonon spectrum between the unsaturated carbon atoms in 2-fold coordination around the defects and the saturated carbon atoms in 3-fold coordination, which induces high interfacial thermal resistance in defective graphene and suppresses the thermal conductivity. The defects induce a complicated bonding transform from sp2 to hybrid sp-sp2 network and trigger vibration mode density redistribution, by which the phonon spectrum conversion and strong phonon scattering at defect sites are explained. These results shed new light on the understanding of the thermal transport behavior of graphene-based nanomaterials with new structural configurations and pave the way for future designs of thermal management phononic devices.
Tao Peng, Guo Huai-Hong, Yang Teng, Zhang Zhi-Dong
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 106801 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/106801
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The study of the stacking stability of bilayer MoS2 is essential since a bilayer has exhibited advantages over single layer MoS2 in many aspects for nanoelectronic applications. We explored the relative stability, optimal sliding path between different stacking orders of bilayer MoS2, and (especially) the effect of inter-layer stress, by combining first-principles density functional total energy calculations and the climbing-image nudge-elastic-band (CI-NEB) method. Among five typical stacking orders, which can be categorized into two kinds (Ⅰ: AA, AB and Ⅱ: AA', AB', A'B), we found that stacking orders with Mo and S superposing from both layers, such as AA' and AB, is more stable than the others. With smaller computational efforts than potential energy profile searching, we can study the effect of inter-layer stress on the stacking stability. Under isobaric condition, the sliding barrier increases by a few eV/(uc·GPa) from AA' to AB', compared to 0.1 eV/(uc·GPa) from AB to [AB]. Moreover, we found that interlayer compressive stress can help enhance the transport properties of AA'. This study can help understand why inter-layer stress by dielectric gating materials can be an effective means to improving MoS2 on nanoelectronic applications.

He Xiao-Min, Chen Zhi-Ming, Pu Hong-Bin, Li Lian-Bi, Huang Lei
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 106802 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/106802
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6H-SiC (1010) surface and Si (220)/6H-SiC (1010) interface with different stacking sites are investigated using first-principles calculations. Surface energies of 6H-SiC (1010) (case Ⅰ, case Ⅱ, and case Ⅲ) are firstly studied and the surface calculation results show that case Ⅱ and case Ⅲ are more stable than case Ⅰ. Then, the adhesion energies, fracture toughness values, interfacial energies, densities of states, and electronic structures of Si (220)/6H-SiC (1010) interfaces for three stacking models (AM, BM, and CM) are calculated. The CM model has the highest adhesion energy and the lowest interfacial energy, suggesting that the CM is stronger and more thermodynamically stable than AM and BM. Densities of states and the total charge densities give evidence that interfacial bonding is formed at the interface and that Si-Si and Si-C are induced due to the hybridization of C-2p and Si-3p. Moreover, the Si-C is much stronger than Si-Si at the interface, implying that the contribution of the interfacial bonding mainly comes from Si-C rather than Si-Si.
Xiao Xia, Tao Ye, Sun Yuan
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 106803 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/106803
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The surface acoustic wave (SAW) technique is a precise and nondestructive method to detect the mechanical characteristics of the thin low dielectric constant (low-k) film by matching the theoretical dispersion curve with the experimental dispersion curve. In this paper, the influence of sample roughness on the precision of SAW mechanical detection is investigated in detail. Random roughness values at the surface of low-k film and at the interface between this low-k film and the substrate are obtained by the Monte Carlo method. The dispersive characteristic of SAW on the layered structure with rough surface and rough interface is modeled by numerical simulation of finite element method. The Young's moduli of the Black DiamondTM samples with different roughness values are determined by SAWs in the experiment. The results show that the influence of sample roughness is very small when the root-mean-square (RMS) of roughness is smaller than 50 nm and correlation length is smaller than 20 μm. This study indicates that the SAW technique is reliable and precise in the nondestructive mechanical detection for low-k films.
Li Jiang-Yan, Qiu Kang-Sheng, Ma Hai-Qiang
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 106804 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/106804
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We present the transmission spectra of light transmitting a metallic thin film perforated with differently shaped subwavelength hole arrays, which are calculated by a plane-wave-based transfer matrix method. We analyze the transmission peak positions and the phase-shift angles of different surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes by using the microscopic theoretical model proposed by Haitao Liu and Philippe Lalanne [Liu Haitao and Lalanne Philippe 2008 Nature 452 728], in which the phase shift properties of the SPPs scattered by the subwavelength hole arrays are considered. The results show that the transmission peak position and the minus phase shift angle of the SPP increase as the hole size increases. On the other hand, the effective dielectric constant of the metallic film can be deduced by the microscopic theoretical model.
CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES
Li Shi-Bin, Yu Hong-Ping, Zhang Ting, Chen Zhi, Wu Zhi-Ming
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107101 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107101
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High electronic density is achieved by polarization doping without an impurity dopant in graded AlGaN films. Low specific contact resistance is studied on the polarization-doped AlGaN/GaN heterojunctions by using the transmission line method (TLM). The sheet density of polarization-doped AlGaN/GaN heterojunction is 6×1014 cm -2 at room temperature. The linearly graded material structure is demonstrated by X-ray diffraction. The carrier concentration and mobility are characterized by a temperature-dependent Hall measurement. Multiple-layer metal (Ti/Al/Ti/Au) is deposited and annealed at 650℃ to realize the Ohmic contacts on the graded AlGaN/GaN heterojunctions.
Yu Zhi-Qiang, Xu Zhi-Mou, Wu Xing-Hui
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107102 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107102
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We perform the first-principles calculations within the framework of density functional theory to determine the electronic structure and optical properties of MgxZn1-xS bulk crystal. The results indicate that the electronic structure and optical properties of MgxZn1-xS bulk crystal are sensitive to the Mg impurity composition. In particular, the MgxZn1-xS bulk crystal displays a direct band structure and the band gap increases from 2.05 eV to 2.91 eV with Mg dopant composition value x increasing from 0 to 0.024. The S 3p electrons dominate the top of valence band, while the Zn 4s electrons and Zn 3p electrons occupy the bottom of conduction band in MgxZn1-xS bulk crystal. Moreover, the dielectric constant decreases and the optical absorption peak obviously has a blue shift. The calculated results provide important theoretical guidance for the applications of MgxZn1-xS bulk crystal in optical detectors.
Luo Kan, Wang Fa-Qiang, Liang Rui-Sheng, Ren Zhen-Zhen
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107103 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107103
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Electronic transport through a vibrating double quantum dot (DQD) in contact with noncollinear ferromagnetic (FM) leads is investigated. The state transition between the two dots of the DQD is excited by an AC microwave driving field. The corresponding currents and differential conductance are calculated in the Coulomb blockade regime by means of the Born-Markov master equation. It is shown that the interplay between electrons and phonons gives rise to phonon-assisted tunneling resonances and Franck-Condon blockade under certain conditions. In noncollinear magnetic configurations, spin-blockade effects are also observed, and the angle of polarization has some influence on the transport characteristics.

Li Chuan-Xin, Si Fu-Qi, Liu Wen-Qing, Zhou Hai-Jin, Jiang Yu, Hu Ren-Zhi
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107104 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107104
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By utilizing a natural mercury lamp, the transverse Zeeman background correction method, which is used for trace mercury measurement in air, is studied. In this paper, a natural mercury lamp is used as a light source, and is placed in a 1.78-T magnetic field. The lamp emits two linearly polarized light beams σ± and π of 253.65-nm resonance line, which are used as bias light and absorbing light, respectively. A polarization modulation system is used to allow σ ± and π light beams to pass through alternately with a certain frequency. A multipath optical cell with 12-m optical path is used to increase optical distance. Based on the system described above, the influence caused by UV absorbing gases, such as NO2, SO2, acetone, benzene, and O3, is analyzed. The results show that it may reduce the detection limit when the concentrations of these gases exceed 83.4 ppm, 20.3 ppm, 142.3 ppm, 0.85 ppm, and 0.55 ppm, respectively. The detection limit of the system is calculated and can achieve up to 1.44 ng/m3 in 10 minutes. Measurements on mercury sample gas and air are carried out, and the measured data are compared with the data of RA-915 mercury analyzer (Russia). The result shows that the correlation coefficient reaches up to 0.967. The experimental results indicate that the transverse Zeeman background correction method can be used to quantify trace mercury in air with high-precision.
An Xing-Tao
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107301 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107301
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The effect of the negative differential conductance of a ferromagnetic barrier on the surface of a topological insulator is theoretically investigated. Due to the changes of the shape and position of the Fermi surfaces in the ferromagnetic barrier, the transport processes can be divided into three kinds: the total, partial, and blockade transmission mechanisms. The bias voltage can give rise to the transition of the transport processes from partial to blockade transmission mechanisms, which results in a considerable effect of negative differential conductance. With appropriate structural parameters, the current-voltage characteristics show that the minimum value of the current can reach to zero in a wide range of the bias voltage, and then a large peak-to-valley current ratio can be obtained.
Saeideh Ramezani Sani
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107302 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107302
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The optoelectronic properties of n-TiO2NW/p-Si heterojunction fabricated by depositing TiO2 nanowires on a p-Si substrate are studied. Under excitation at a wavelength of 370 nm, the TiO2 nanowires produce a light emission at 435 nm due to the emission of free excitons. The I-V characteristics are measured to investigate the heterojunction effects under the dark environment and ultraviolet (UV) illumination. n-TiO2NW/p-Si has a p-n junction formed in the n-TiO2/p-Si heterojunction. TiO2NW/Si photodiode produces a photocurrent larger than dark current under UV illumination. It is observed that UV photons are absorbed in TiO2 and the heterojunction shows a 0.034-A/W responsivity at 4-V reverse bias.
Zhao Sheng-Lei, Mi Min-Han, Hou Bin, Luo Jun, Wang Yi, Dai Yang, Zhang Jin-Cheng, Ma Xiao-Hua, Hao Yue
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107303 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107303
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In this paper, we demonstrate that a Schottky drain can improve the forward and reverse blocking voltages (BVs) simultaneously in AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The mechanism of improving the two BVs is investigated by analysing the leakage current components and by software simulation. The forward BV increases from 72 V to 149 V due to the good Schottky contact morphology. During the reverse bias, the buffer leakage in the Ohmic-drain HEMT increases significantly with the increase of the negative drain bias. For the Schottky-drain HEMT, the buffer leakage is suppressed effectively by the formation of the depletion region at the drain terminal. As a result, the reverse BV is enhanced from -5 V to -49 V by using a Schottky drain. Experiments and the simulation indicate that a Schottky drain is desirable for power electronic applications.
Shao Huai-Hua, Liu Yi-Man, Zhou Xiao-Ying, Zhou Guang-Hui
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107304 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107304
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We study the local density of states (LDOS) for electrons scattering off the line edge of an atomic step defect on the surface of a three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI) and the line edge of a finite 3D TI, where the front surface and side surface meet with different Fermi velocities, respectively. By using a δ-function potential to model the edges, we find that the bound states existed along the step line edge significantly contribute to the LDOS near the edge, but do not modify the exponential behavior away from it. In addition, the power-law decaying behavior for LDOS oscillation away from the step is understood from the spin rotation for surface states scattering off the step defect with magnitude depending on the strength of the potential. Furthermore, the electron refraction and total reflection analogous to optics occurred at the line edge where two surfaces meet with different Fermi velocities, which leads to the LDOS decaying behavior in the greater Fermi velocity side similar to that for a step line edge. However, in the smaller velocity side the LDOS shows a different decaying behavior as x-1/2, and the wavevector of LDOS oscillation is no longer equal to the diameter of the constant energy contour of surface band, but is sensitively dependent on the ratio of the two Fermi velocities. These effects may be verified by STM measurement with high precision.

Qiao Ya-Nan, Yang Shu
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107305 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107305
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The effects of the shape of a nanowire terminus on the excited surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes are investigated. The conical terminus and terminus cut at a certain angle are studied. For the first time, the quantitative mode decompositions are carried out to derive the full information about excited SPP modes. It is demonstrated that tuning the shape of the terminus provides an effective method to control the composition of excited SPP modes on metal nanowires. It is especially found that some important patterns, such as the pure TM0 mode and the superposition of TM0 and HE+1 or HE-1 modes, can be generated by some specific shapes of the terminus, whereas there is no way to produce these patterns using flat-end nanowires.

Deng Ning, Pang Hua, Wu Wei
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107306 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107306
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In this study the effects of doping atoms (Al, Cu, and N) with different electro-negativities and ionic radii on resistive switching of HfO2-based resistive random access memory (RRAM) are systematically investigated. The results show that forming voltages and set voltages of Al/Cu-doped devices are reduced. Among all devices, Cu-doped device shows the narrowest device-to-device distributions of set voltage and low resistance. The effects of different dopants on switching behavior are explained with deferent types of CFs formed in HfO2 depending on dopants: oxygen vacancy (Vo) filaments for Al-doped HfO2 devices, hybrid filaments composed of oxygen vacancies and Cu atoms for Cu-doped HfO2 devices, and nitrogen/oxygen vacancy filaments for N-doped HfO2 devices. The results suggest that a metal dopant with a larger electro-negativity than host metal atom offers the best comprehensive performance.
Zheng Kun, Zhu Jie, Ma Yong-Mei, Tang Da-Wei, Wang Fo-Song
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107307 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107307
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To improve the thermal conductivity of polymeric composites, the numerous interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) inside is usually considered as a bottle neck, but the direct measurement of the ITR is hardly reported. In this paper, a sandwich structure which consists of transducer/high density polyethylene (HDPE)/sapphire is prepared to study the interface characteristics. Then, the ITRs between HDPE and sapphire of two samples with different HDPE thickness values are measured by time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) method and the results are ～ 2×10-7 m2· K· W-1. Furthermore, a model is used to evaluate the importance of ITR for the thermal conductivity of composites. The model's analysis indicates that reducing the ITR is an effective way of improving the thermal conductivity of composites. These results will provide valuable guidance for the design and manufacture of polymer-based thermally conductive materials.
Yang Yan-Xing, Xiong Rui, Fang Zhi-Hao, Xu Bing, Xiao Hong, Qiu Xiang-Gang, Shi Jing, Wang Kai
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107401 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107401
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We measured the infrared reflectivity of BaFe1.904Ni0.096As2 single crystal from room temperature down to 20 K. Two Drude terms and a Lorentz term well describe the real part of the optical conductivity σ1(ω). We fit the reciprocal of static optical conductivity 1/σ1(0) by the power law ρ(T)=ρ0+ATn with n=1.6. The “broad” Drude component exhibits an incoherent background with a T-independent scattering rate 1/τb, while the other “narrow” one reveals a T-quadratic scattering rate 1/τn, indicating a hidden Fermi-liquid behavior in BaFe1.904Ni0.096As2 compound.

Wang Hong-Yan, Ding Fa-Zhu, Gu Hong-Wei, Zhang Teng, Peng Xing-Yu
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107402 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107402
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In this study, BaTiO3 (BTO)-doped YBCO films are prepared on LaAlO3 (100) single-crystal substrates by metal-organic decomposition (MOD) using trifluoroacetate (TFA) precursor solutions. The critical current density (Jc) of BTO/YBCO film is as high as 10 MA/cm2 (77 K, 0 T). The BTO peak is found in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of a final YBCO superconductivity film. Moreover, a comprehensive study of the precursor evolution is conducted mainly by X-ray analysis and μ-Raman spectroscopy. It is found that the TFA begins to decompose at the beginning of the thermal process, and then further decomposes as temperature increases, and at 700℃ BTO nanoparticles begin to appear. It suggests that the YBCO film embedded with BTO nanoparticles, whose critical current density (Jc) is enhanced, is successfully prepared by an easily scalable chemical solution deposition technique.

Yan Chang-Jiang, Guo Shuai, Chen Ren-Jie, Lee Dong, Yan A-Ru
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107501 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107501
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The strip-casting technique plays an important role in fabricating high coercivity sintered magnet. In this paper, we investigate the phase constitution and the microstructure of rapidly solidified Ce-Fe-B alloy fabricated by strip-casting. We find that the Ce2Fe14B phase coexists with Fe, Fe2B, and CeFe2 phases in the Ce-Fe-B strips. The eutectic structure consisting of Fe and Fe2B is encased in Ce2Fe14B grains, which is blocked by the CeFe2 grains at triple junctions, indicating that the microstructure of Ce-Fe-B strip is characteristic of a peritectic solidification. Thermal analysis indicates that the large supercooling of Ce2Fe14B results in the residual Fe and Fe2B. The microstructural optimization in Ce-Fe-B strips without Fe and Fe2B could be achieved by a heat treatment of 1000℃.
Rui Wen-Bin, He Mao-Cheng, You Biao, Shi Zhong, Zhou Shi-Ming, Xiao Ming-Wen, Gao Yuan, Zhang Wei, Sun Li, Du Jun
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107502 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107502
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A significant exchange bias (EB) training effect has been observed in sputter deposited FeAu/FeNi bilayers, wherein the exchange field (HE) exhibits a special sign-changeable temperature dependence. Very interestingly, despite the absence of multiple easy axes in the FeAu spin glass (SG) layer, HE drops abruptly between the first and second magnetic cycles, which is followed by a more gradual continuous change in the subsequent cycles. This training behavior cannot be described by the empirical n-1/2 law because of the asymmetric magnetization reversal processes. We propose modifying Binek's model to include the asymmetric changes of the pinning SG spins at the descending and ascending branches. This new model successfully describes the EB training effect in FeAu/FeNi bilayers.

Shang Zhi-Feng, Qi Wei-Hua, Ji Deng-Hui, Xu Jing, Tang Gui-De, Zhang Xiao-Yun, Li Zhuang-Zhi, Lang Li-Li
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107503 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107503
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(A)[B]2O4 ferrite samples with the composition Co1-xCrxFe2O4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) are prepared using a hydrothermal method, and subjected to calcining in a tube furnace with an argon-flow at 1673 K for 2 h. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that each of all the samples has a single phase cubic spinel structure with a space group of Fd3 m. Magnetic measurements show that the saturation magnetization decreases with as the Cr content x increases. The cation distribution of the samples is estimated by fitting the dependence of the magnetic moments on x at 10 K, using the quantum mechanical model previously proposed by our group. The calculated sum of the content values of the Cr3+ and Cr2+ cations occupying the (A) sites increases as the value of x increases. In the fitting process, the magnetic moment directions of the Cr3+ and Cr2+ cations are assumed to be antiparallel to those of the Fe and Co cations, respectively, which is in accordance with Hund's rules.
Ding Li-Ping, Mao Tian-Hua, Fu Hao, Cao Geng-Yu
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107801 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107801
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The relationship between the photothermal cooling efficiency of a micro-cantilever's mechanical mode and the environmental temperature is studied. The micro-cantilever and a polished fiber end form a low finesse Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity. Experimental results in a temperature range from 77 K to 298 K show that temperature has an obvious influence on photothermal cooling efficiency. The photothermal cooling efficiency, η ph, at 100 K is 10 times that at 298 K. This accords well with the theoretical analysis that the high photothermal cooling efficiency can be achieved when photothermal response time, τph, and mechanical resonant frequency, ω0, are close to the optimal photothermal cooling condition ω0 τph=1. Our study provides an important approach for high effective photothermal cooling and high-sensitivity measurement for force microscopy.

Jiang Li-Lin, Liu Wei-Long, Song Yun-Fei, Sun Shan-Lin
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107802 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107802
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Photo-induced intramolecular electron transfer (PIET) and intramolecular vibrational relaxation (IVR) dynamics of the excited state of rhodamine 6G (Rh6G +) in DMSO are investigated by multiplex transient grating. Two major components are resolved in the dynamics of Rh6G+. The first component, with a lifetime τPIET=140 fs-260 fs, is attributed to PIET from the phenyl ring to the xanthene plane. The IVR process occurring in the range τIVR=3.3 ps-5.2 ps is much slower than the first component. The PIET and IVR processes occurring in the excited state of Rh6G + are quantitatively determined, and a better understanding of the relationship between these processes is obtained.
Xing Hai-Ying, Xu Zhang-Cheng, Cui Ming-Qi, Xie Yu-Xin, Zhang Guo-Yi
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107803 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107803
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Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) grown ferromagnetic GaMnN films are investigated by photoluminescence (PL) measurement with a mid-gap excitation wavelength of 405 nm. A sharp PL peak at 1.8 eV is found and the PL intensity successively decreases with the addition of Mn, in which the Mn concentration of sample A is below 1% ([Mn] A=0.75%) but its PL intensity is stronger than other samples'. The 1.8-eV PL peak is attributed to the recombination of electrons in the t2 state of the neutral Mn3+ acceptor with holes in the valence band. With Mn concentration increasing, the intensity of the PL peak decreases and the magnetic increment reduces in our samples. The correlation between the PL peak intensity and ferromagnetism of the samples is discussed in combination with the experimental results.
Leng Wen-Xiu, Ge Li-Na, Xu Shan-Sen, Zhan Hong-Lei, Zhao Kun
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107804 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107804
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Heptafluoropropane (HFP), as the best alternative to halon fire-suppression agents, is now a widely used fire extinguishing agent. The current studies of HFP, concentrating on the extinguishing mechanisms of flames and decomposition products, in general deal with the destructive and high temperature cases. In this paper, terahertz time-domain spectra are used to characterize HFP at different pressures. Optical parameters of HFP, such as absorption coefficient, refractive index, and relative permittivity, and their relationship with concentration of samples, are discussed. The absorption peak of HFP at 0.3 THz depends strongly on the applied pressure, and the corresponding parameters increase almost linearly with increasing HFP concentration. The present study lays a foundation for future extensive applications.
Wang Yan-Ze, Ma Jian, Sun Liang, Li Rui, Wang Da-Jian
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107805 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107805
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The photoluminescence properties and energy transfer of a new Ce3+/Pr3+/Eu3+ co-doped solid-solution composition of Sr2.975-xLaxAlO4+xF1-x (LSAF) phosphor are investigated. Upon doping Pr3+ into lattices of LSAF:Ce host, a shoulder emission peak is observed at about 620 nm, owing to the transition of 1D23H4. Addition of Eu3+ to LSAF:Ce3+, Pr3+ phosphor results in a sharp emission peaked at 675 nm for the 5D07F3 transition and an increase of the intensity of red emission for Pr3+ with increasing Eu3+ concentration. The pathways of energy transfer among Ce3+, Pr3+, and Eu3+ are proposed to be responsible for color addition of a red component to the primary yellow emission, enabling a potential adjustable color for blue excitable warm white.
Li Shan-Shan, Xia Hai-Ping, Fu Li, Dong Yan-Ming, Gu Xue-Mei, Zhang Jian-Li, Wang Dong-Jie, Zhang Yue-Pin, Jiang Hao-Chuan, Chen Bao-Jiu
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107806 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107806
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In this paper, optical spectra of LiYF4 single crystals doped with Tm3+ ions of various concentrations are reported. The emission intensity at 1.8 μm first increases with increasing Tm3+ concentration, and reaches a maximum value when the concentration of Tm3+ is about 1.28 mol%, then it decreases rapidly as the concentration of Tm3+ further increases to 3.49 mol%. The emission lifetime at 1.8 μm also shows a similar tendency to the emission intensity. The maximum lifetime of 1.8 μm is measured to be 17.68 ms for the sample doped with Tm3+ of 1.28 mol%. The emission cross section of 3F4 level is calculated. The maximum reaches 3.76×10-21 cm2 at 1909 nm. The cross relaxation (3H6, 3H43F4,3F4
Wu Ping, Xu Wen, Li Long-Long, Lu Tie-Cheng, Wu Wei-Dong
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107807 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107807
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We present a theoretical study on collective excitation modes associated with plasmon and surface-plasmon oscillations in cylindrical metallic nanowires. Based on a two-subband model, the dynamical dielectric function matrix is derived under the random-phase approximation. An optic-like branch and an acoustic-like branch, which are free of Landau damping, are observed for both plasmon and surface-plasmon modes. Interestingly, for surface-plasmon modes, we find that two branches of the dispersion relation curves converge at a wavevector qz=qmax beyond which no surface-plasmon mode exists. Moreover, we examine the dependence of these excitation modes on sample parameters such as the radius of the nanowires. It is found that in metallic nanowires realized by state-of-the-art nanotechnology the intra-and inter-subband plasmon and surface-plasmon frequencies are in the terahertz bandwidth. The frequency of the optic-like modes decreases with increasing radius of the nanowires, whereas that of the acoustic-like modes is not sensitive to the variation of the radius. This study is pertinent to the application of metallic nanowires as frequency-tunable terahertz plasmonic devices.
Wan Ming-Li, Yuan Shu-Qing, Dai Ke-Jie, Song Yue-Li, Zhou Feng-Qun, He Jin-Na
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 107808 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/107808
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In this paper, based on the constructive interference of plasmonic dipolar and quadrupolar modes, a classical analogue of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) is demonstrated theoretically in a stacked metamaterial consisting of a short metal strip (which acts as a bright resonator) and a long metal strip (acting as a dark resonator), which has been reported to support the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect. The transition from EIA to EIT can be clearly observed in the absorbance spectra via varying the vertical spacing between two resonant oscillators. With the help of the coupled two-oscillator model, the phase shift between the bright and dark resonance modes is calculated by fitting the simulated absorbance spectra, which reveals the physical mechanisms behind constructive and destructive interference effects in EIT/EIA metamaterials.
INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Ramin Yousefi, Mohsen Cheragizade, Farid Jamali-Sheini, M. R. Mahmoudian, Abdolhossein Saaédi, Nay Ming Huang
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 108101 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/108101
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Selenium and zinc are used as anionic and cationic dopant elements to dope PbS nanostructures. The undoped and doped PbS nanostructures are grown using a thermal evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show similar morphologies for the undoped and doped PbS nanostructures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of three sets of the nanostructures indicate that these nanostructures each have a PbS structure with a cubic phase. Evidence of dopant incorporation is demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Raman spectra of the synthesized samples confirm the XRD results and indicate five Raman active modes, which relate to the PbS cubic phase for all the nanostructures. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) and UV-Vis spectrometers are used to study optical properties of the undoped and doped PbS nanostructures. Optical characterization shows that emission and absorption peaks are in the infrared (IR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum for all PbS nanostructures. In addition, the optical studies of the doped PbS nanostructures reveal that the band gap of the Se-doped PbS is smaller, and the band gap of the Zn-doped PbS is bigger than the band gap of the undoped PbS nanostructures.
Feng Yan-Yan, Yang Wen, Chu Wei
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 108201 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/108201
Full Text: [PDF 620 KB] (15)
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The main purpose of this work is to prepare various activated carbons by K2S activation of coal with size fractions of 60-80 meshes, and investigate the microporosity development and corresponding methane storage capacities. Raw coal is mixed with K2S powder, and then heated at 750℃-900℃ for 30 min-150 min in N2 atmosphere to produce the adsorbents. The texture and surface morphology are characterized by a N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm at 77 K and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical properties of carbons are confirmed by ultimate analysis. The crystal structure and degree of graphitization are tested by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra. The relationship between sulfur content and the specific surface area of the adsorbents is also determined. K2S activation is helps to bring about better development of pore texture. These adsorbents are microporous materials with textural parameters increasing in a range of specific surface area 72.27 m2/g-657.7 m2/g and micropore volume 0.035 cm3/g-0.334 cm3/g. The ability of activated carbons to adsorb methane is measured at 298 K and at pressures up to 5.0 MPa by a volumetric method. The Langmuir model fits the experimental data well. It is concluded that the high specific surface area and micropore volume of activated carbons do determine methane adsorption capacity. The adsorbents obtained at 800℃ for 90 min with K2S/raw coal mass ratios of 1.0 and 1.2 show the highest methane adsorption capacities amounting to 106.98 mg/g and 106.17 mg/g, respectively.
Chen Zai-Gao, Wang Jian-Guo, Wang Yue
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 108401 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/108401
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In this paper, we study the planar gyrotron theoretically and numerically. Applying the large-signal theory to the planar gyrotron, the wave equation of electric field and the equation of motion of an electron are simultaneously solved to obtain some characteristic parameters, such as the phase-space plot of electrons, working frequency, startup time, electronic efficiency, and output power of the device. To verify the formulations used in this paper, three-dimensional particle simulations are performed on the same device, and the numerical results accord well with those obtained by using the large-signal theory. Theoretical and numerical results show that the electronic efficiency can reach 21% for the prototype of the planar gyrotron working at the frequency of 0.81 THz.
Zhang Yu-Shi, Zhang Jin-Peng, Li Xin, Wu Zhen-Sen
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 108402 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/108402
Full Text: [PDF 435 KB] (9)
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A modified GIT model for describing the variational trend of mean clutter reflectivity as a function of wind speed is proposed. It uses two slope adjustment factors and two critical wind-speed factors to define and adjust the increasing slope of reflectivity with respect to wind speed. In addition, it uses a constant factor to compensate the overall amplitude of clutter reflectivity. The performance of the modified GIT model has been verified on the basis of the L-band low-grazing-angle radar sea clutter data. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data, indicating that the model is more effective in predicting the wind-speed behavior of clutter reflectivity than the conventional GIT model, especially for lower and higher wind speeds. We believe that the proposed model can provide deeper insights into the relationship between radar sea clutter reflectivity and sea state conditions.

Qin Jie-Yu, Du Gang, Liu Xiao-Yan
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 108501 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/108501
Full Text: [PDF 570 KB] (7)
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The strain impact on hole mobility in the GOI tri-gate pFETs is investigated by simulating the strained Ge with quantum confinement from band structure to electro-static distribution as well as the effective mobility. Lattice mismatch strain induced by HfO2 warps and reshapes the valence subbands, and reduces the hole effective masses. The maximum value of hole density is observed near the top corners of the channel. The hole density is decreased by the lattice mismatch strain. The phonon scattering rate is degraded by strain, which results in higher hole mobility.

Geng Yi-Zhao, Ji Qing, Liu Shu-Xia, Yan Shi-Wei
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 108701 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/108701
Full Text: [PDF 1342 KB] (16)
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How ATP binding initiates the docking process of kinesin's neck linker is a key question in understanding kinesin mechanisms. By exploiting a molecular dynamics method, we investigate the initial conformation of kinesin's neck linker in its docking process. We find that, in the initial conformation, the neck linker has interactions with β0 and forms a 'cover-neck bundle' structure with β0. From this initial structure, the formation of extra turns and the docking of the cover-neck bundle structure can be achieved. The motor head provides a forward force on the initial cover-neck bundle structure through ATP-induced rotation. This force, together with the hydrophobic interaction of ILE327 with the hydrophobic pocket on the motor head, drives the formation of the extra turn and initiates the neck linker docking process. Based on these findings, a pathway from ATP binding-induced motor head rotation to neck linker docking is proposed.

Huang Jian-Wei, Wang Nai-Yan
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 108702 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/108702
Full Text: [PDF 698 KB] (11)
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In this paper, TLD (LiF: Mg, Cu, P) is used as detector. A multi-layer absorption (MLA) model is designed. Combined with Monte-Carlo processes, a bremsstrahlung X-ray spectrum is reconstructed by an iterative method; the reconstructed results agree with the results of simulations by the MCNP process essentially, especially in middle energy region.
Huang Xu-Hui, Hu Gang
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 108703 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/108703
Full Text: [PDF 3965 KB] (27)
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Phase transitions widely exist in nature and occur when some control parameters are changed. In neural systems, their macroscopic states are represented by the activity states of neuron populations, and phase transitions between different activity states are closely related to corresponding functions in the brain. In particular, phase transitions to some rhythmic synchronous firing states play significant roles on diverse brain functions and disfunctions, such as encoding rhythmical external stimuli, epileptic seizure, etc. However, in previous studies, phase transitions in neuronal networks are almost driven by network parameters (e.g., external stimuli), and there has been no investigation about the transitions between typical activity states of neuronal networks in a self-organized way by applying plastic connection weights. In this paper, we discuss phase transitions in electrically coupled and lattice-based small-world neuronal networks (LBSW networks) under spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). By applying STDP on all electrical synapses, various known and novel phase transitions could emerge in LBSW networks, particularly, the phenomenon of self-organized phase transitions (SOPTs): repeated transitions between synchronous and asynchronous firing states. We further explore the mechanics generating SOPTs on the basis of synaptic weight dynamics.
Wang Na, Wu Zhi-Hai, Peng Li
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 108901 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/108901
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In this paper, consensus problems of heterogeneous multi-agent systems based on sampled data with a small sampling delay are considered. First, a consensus protocol based on sampled data with a small sampling delay for heterogeneous multi-agent systems is proposed. Then, the algebra graph theory, the matrix method, the stability theory of linear systems, and some other techniques are employed to derive the necessary and sufficient conditions guaranteeing heterogeneous multi-agent systems to asymptotically achieve the stationary consensus. Finally, simulations are performed to demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical results.
Zhang Li-Sheng, Gu Wei-Feng, Hu Gang, Mi Yuan-Yuan
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 108902 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/108902
Full Text: [PDF 1184 KB] (30)
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All dynamic complex networks have two important aspects, pattern dynamics and network topology. Discovering different types of pattern dynamics and exploring how these dynamics depend on network topologies are tasks of both great theoretical importance and broad practical significance. In this paper we study the oscillatory behaviors of excitable complex networks (ECNs) and find some interesting dynamic behaviors of ECNs in oscillatory probability, the multiplicity of oscillatory attractors, period distribution, and different types of oscillatory patterns (e.g., periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic). In these aspects, we further explore strikingly sharp differences among network dynamics induced by different topologies (random or scale-free topologies) and different interaction structures (symmetric or asymmetric couplings). The mechanisms behind these differences are explained physically.

GEOPHYSICS, ASTRONOMY, AND ASTROPHYSICS
Zheng Wei, Hsu Hou-Tse, Zhong Min, Yun Mei-Juan
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 109101 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/109101
Full Text: [PDF 1826 KB] (23)
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The physical investigations on the accuracy improvement to the measurement of the Earth's gravity field recovery are carried out based on the next-generation Pendulum-A/B out-of-plane twin-satellite formation in this paper. Firstly, the Earth's gravity field complete up to degree and order 100 is, respectively, recovered by the collinear and pendulum satellite formations using the orbital parameters of the satellite and the matching accuracies of key payloads from the twin GRACE satellites. The research results show that the accuracy of the Earth's gravity field model from the Pendulum-A/B satellite formation is about two times higher than from the collinear satellite formation, and the further improvement of the determination accuracy of the Earth's gravity field model is feasible by the next-generation Pendulum-A/B out-of-plane twin-satellite formation. Secondly, the Earth's gravity field from Pendulum-A/B complete up to degree and order 100 is accurately recovered based on the orbital parameters of the satellite (e.g., an orbital altitude of 400 km, an intersatellite range of 100 km, an orbital inclination of 89° and an orbital eccentricity of 0.001), the matching accuracies of space-borne instruments (e.g. 10 -6 m in the intersatellite range, 10 -3 m in the orbital position, 10 -6 m/s in orbital velocity, and 10 -11 m/s2 in non-conservative force), an observation time of 30 days and a sampling interval of 10 s. The measurement accuracy of the Earth's gravity field from the next-generation Pendulum-A/B out-of-plane twin-satellite formation is full of promise for being improved by about 10 times compared with that from the current GRACE satellite formation. Finally, the physical requirements for the next-generation Pendulum-A/B out-of-plane twin-satellite formation are analyzed, and it is proposed that the satellite orbital altitude be preferably designed to be close to 400± 50 km and the matching precision of key sensors from the Pendulum-A/B mission be about one order of magnitude higher than from the GRACE program.

Zhang Zhen-Xia, Wang Chen-Yu, Shen Xu-Hui, Li Xin-Qiao, Wu Shu-Gui
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 109401 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/109401
Full Text: [PDF 3433 KB] (21)
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Based on the DEMETER satellite, we found two space wave-particle coupling events during February 2010 that took place in the range of the McIlwain parameter L (1.27～1.37). There are strong spatial and temporal correlation between the particle bursts (PBs) and the electromagnetic disturbances of the coupling events. The two PBs show different energy spectrum characteristics, while the corresponding electromagnetic disturbances concentrated on different frequency ranges. In agreement with the prediction of the theory of wave-particle interaction, we conclude that the two wave-particle interactions can be probably explained as follows: one is electron-dominant precipitation with energy of 0.09 MeV～0.2 MeV induced by a VLF electromagnetic wave with the frequencies of 14 kHz～20 kHz, and another is proton-dominant precipitation with energies of 0.65 MeV～2.85 MeV induced by a VLF electromagnetic wave with the frequency of ≤ 100 Hz. For the first time, these particle bursts' origins, from electrons or protons detected by the Instrument for the Detection of Particles (IDP) on board, are inferred by theoretical calculation, although the instrument has no ability to identify the particle species.
Yan Bing, Huang Si-Xun
Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23 (10): 109402 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/109402
Full Text: [PDF 274 KB] (24)
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The simplified linear model of Grad-Shafranov (GS) reconstruction can be reformulated into an inverse boundary value problem of Laplace's equation. Therefore, in this paper we focus on the method of solving the inverse boundary value problem of Laplace's equation. In the first place, the variational regularization method is used to deal with the ill-posedness of the Cauchy problem for Laplace's equation. Then, the 'L-Curve' principle is suggested to be adopted in choosing the optimal regularization parameter. Finally, a numerical experiment is implemented with a section of Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions with observation errors. The results well converge to the exact solution of the problem, which proves the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method. When the order of observation error δ is 10 -1, the order of the approximate result error can reach 10 -3.
Chin. Phys. B
 2014 2014 Vol.23 No.12  2014-10-17 2014 Vol.23 No.11  2014-09-10
﻿ Chin. Phys. B
 Accepts Note: The papers published below have been accepted by Chinese Physics B, and have not been assigned to issues. And they will continue to be available on this page until they are assigned to an issue.      >>> More
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null
Accept: 2013-11-07
Show Abstract
Present study reports the Magnetization and magnetrotransport properties of PrFe1-xNixO3 thin films grown by pulsed laser ablation technique on a LaAlO3 substrate. From DC M/H plots of these films, weak ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism behavior are observed. With Ni substitution, reduction in saturation magnetization is also seen. With Ni doping, a variation in saturation field (Hs), coercive filed (Hc), Weiss temperature (?) and effective magnetic moment (peff) are seen. A small change of magnetroresitance with application of higher filed is observed. Various essential parameters like density of state (Nf) at Fermi level, Mott’s characteristic temperature (T0) and activation energy (Ea) in presence and in absence of magnetic field were calculated. The present observed magnetic properties are related to the change of Fe-O bond length (causing an overlap between the oxygen p orbital and iron d orbital) and as well as deviation of the Fe–O–Fe angle from 180°. Reduction of magnetic domains after Ni doping is also explored to explain the present observed magnetic behavior of the system. The impact on various transport properties in these thin films after doping indicates a distortion in the lattice structure and consequently on influence on single particle band width, due to stress-induced reduction in unit cell volume.
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[Manu ID:131408]    Existence of Hartmann layer in the peristalsis for Sisko fluid.

null
Accept: 2013-11-07
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Analytical solutions for the peristaltic flow of magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) Sisko fluid in a channel, under the effects of strong and weak magnetic fields, are presented. The governing non linear problem, for the strong magnetic field, is solved using the matched asymptotic expansion. The solution for the weak magnetic field is obtained using regular perturbation method. The main observation is the existence of Hartman boundary layer for the strong magnetic field at the location of the two plates of the channel. The thickness of the Hartmann boundary layer is determined analytically. The effects of strong magnetic field and the shear thinning parameter of the Sisko fluid on the velocity profile are presented graphically.
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null
Accept: 2013-11-07
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Transient coherent oscillation in a closed $\Lambda$ system by far-off resonant Raman fields was investigated theoretically. It has been found that the coherent superposition of ground states can be formed by the absorption even for initial maximal mixed ground states. The absorption oscillated with the period depending on two-photon detuning when the system was initially in a transparent state and the two-photon Raman detuning was suddenly changed. The amplitude of the absorption decays with the decay rate of the ground states, which is different from the case when laser lights are applied resonantly and can be used to measured the relaxation rate of the ground states.
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Accept: 2013-11-07
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The (e, 2e) triple differential cross sections of Neon and neonic ions (Z=11-14) 2s orbital were calculated using distorted-wave Born approximation in coplanar asymmetric geometry. The calculated results showed that, with the increase of nuclear charge number Z, the amplitude of triple differential cross sections decreased. The angle difference between binary peak position and the angle of momentum transfer gradually increased with the increase of nuclear charge Z, and a new structure appeared at ejected angle 90o<θ2<120o. Three kinds of collision processes were proposed to illustrate the formation mechanism of such collision peaks.
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null
Accept: 2013-11-07
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Hexagonal WO3 nanorods were fabricated by a facile hydrothermal process at 180 ?C using sodium tungstate and sodium chloride as starting materials. The morphology, structure and composition of the prepared nanorods were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. It is found that the agglomeration of the nanorods is strongly dependent on the PH value of the reaction solution. Uniform and isolated WO3 nanorods with diameter ranging from 100 – 150 nm and length up to several micrometers are obtained at PH = 2.5 and the nanorods were identified as hexagonal in phase structure. The sensing characteristics of WO3 nanorods sensor were obtained by measuring the dynamic response towards NO2 with a concentration in the range of 0.5 – 5 ppm and at a working temperature in the range of 25 – 250?C. The obtained WO3 nanorods sensors were found to exhibit opposite sensing behaviors depending on the working temperature. When exposed to oxidizing NO2 gas, the WO3 nanorods sensor behaves as n-type semiconductor as expected when the working temperature was higher than 50 ?C, whereas, it behaves as p-type semiconductor at room temperature. The origin of the n–to p-type transition is correlated with the formation of inversion layer at the surface of WO3 nanorods at room temperature. This finding is useful for making new room temperature NO2 sensors based on hexagonal WO3 nanorods.
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null
Accept: 2013-11-07
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Exploring new acoustic parameter is essential to develop the noninvasive imaging technique for the surgery of silicone oil tamponade. In this study, the acoustic nonlinearity parameter B/As of varied silicone oil samples (e.g. linear or hyper branched) are experimentally measured by using the modified thermodynamic method. The results show that: (1) when the concentration of the silicone oil with a molecular weight of is increased from 0.5g/100ml to 8g/100ml, the corresponding B/A value increases about 18%, but the velocity only increases by about 0.1%; and (2) when the molecular weight of the hyper branched silicone oil is enhanced from to , the B/A value increases by about 22%, while the acoustic velocity is only raised by about 0.2%. This study suggests that the B/A parameter of silicone oil is more sensitive to the change of its molecular structure than that of the acoustic velocity. Thus, B/A parameter might be utilized as an effective index for the development and optimization of the noninvasive imaging of the surgery of silicone oil tamponade.
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null
Accept: 2013-11-07
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Ge condensation processes of a sandwiched structure of Si/SiGe/Si on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) to form SiGe-on-insulator substrates (SGOI) were investigated. The non-homogeneity of SiGe on insulator was observed after a long time oxidation and annealing due to an increased consumption of silicon at the inflection points of the corrugated SiGe film morphology, which happened in the case of the rough surface morphology with lateral Si atoms diffusion to the inflection points of the corrugated SiGe film. The transmission electron microscopy measurements showed that the non-homogeneity SiGe layer exhibited a single crystalline nature with perfect atom lattice. Possible formation mechanisms of the non-homogeneity SiGe layer were presented by discussing the highly nonuniform oxidation rate that was spatially dependent during the Ge condensation processes. The results are of guiding significance to fabricate the SGOI by Ge condensation process.
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null
Accept: 2013-11-07
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Two-dimensional (2D) elliptical cylindrical invisible cloaks with multiple regions are designed based on the transformation optics and the complementary media theory. Multiple invisible cloak regions can be obtained by properly using compressed or folded transformation in each space layer. The constitutive parameter tensor expressions for each region have been obtained. The results of full wave simulations by using finite element software confirm the validity of the constitutive parameter tensor expressions. In addition, the parameters are relatively easier to be realized.
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EKREM AYDINER Deniz Han
Accept: 2013-11-07
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We numerically investigate thermal entanglement of the spins (1/2,1) and (1/2,1/2) in the three-mixed (1/2,1,1/2) anisotropic Heisenberg XXZ spin system on a simple triangular cell under an inhomogeneous magnetic field. We show that the external magnetic field induces strong plateau formation in pairwise thermal entanglement for fixed parameters of Hamiltonian in the case of the ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic interactions. We also observe an unexpected critical point at finite temperature in the thermal entanglement of the spins (1/2,1) for antiferromagnetic case while the entanglement of the spins (1/2,1) for ferromagnetic case and the entanglement of the spins (1/2,1/2) for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic cases almost decays exponentially to zero with increasing temperature. The critical point in entanglement of the spins (1/2,1) for antiferromagnetic case may be signature of the quantum phase transition at finite temperature.
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null
Accept: 2013-11-07
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In order to predict the actual quantity of non-bulk GaAs layers after long time of homoepitaxy on GaAs(001) by theoretical calculation, a half-terrace diffusion model based on thermodynamics is applied to calculate the ripening time of GaAs layers to form a flat morphology in annealing. For verifying the accuracy of the calculation, real space STM images of GaAs surface after different annealing time are obtained and roughness of the GaAs surface is measured. The results suggest the half terrace model is an accurate method with a relative error of about 4.1%.
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null
Accept: 2013-11-07
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Thermal quantum and total correlations of two spin-1 Ising model in the presence of external homogeneous magnetic field and Dzyaloshinski-Moriya (DM) interaction are investigated. The result indicates that DM interaction plays a leading role in quantum correlation measured by measurement-induced disturbance except for the region with small value of DM interaction and low temperature, while DM interaction and external magnetic field play a competing role in negativity. Thermal total correlations measured by an alternative new measure defined in terms of Wigner-Yanase skew information and quantum mutual information display the difference in the same region.
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Accept: 2013-11-07
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The magnetism and work function Φ of Fe1-xGdx/Fe (001) films have been investigated using first-principles methods based on density functional theory. The calculated results reveal that Gd doping on the Fe (001) surface would greatly affect the geometrical structure of the system. The restruction of surface atoms leads to the transition of magnetic coupling between Gd and Fe atoms from ferromagnetic (FM) for 0.5≤x≤0.75 to antiferromagnetism (AFM) for x=1.0. For Fe1-xGdx/Fe (001) (x=0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0), the charge transfer from Gd to Fe leads to a positive dipole formed on the surface, which is responsible for the decrease of the work function. Moreover, it is found that the magnetic moments of Fe and Gd on the surface layer can be strongly influenced by Gd doping. The changes of the work function and magnetism for Fe1-xGdx/Fe (001) can be explained by the electron transfer, the magnetic coupling interaction between Gd and Fe atoms and the complex surface restruction. Our work strongly suggests that the doping of the metal with low work function is a promising way for modulating the work function of magnetic metal gate.
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Ha VanNguyen Wonkyeong Part NamTae Kim hanjung song
Accept: 2013-11-07
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This paper presents a compact and low-power-based discrete-time chaotic oscillator based on a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor implemented using Wong and Deng’s well-known model. The chaotic circuit is composed of a nonlinear circuit that creates an adjustable chaos map, two sample and hold cells for capture and delay functions, and a voltage shifter that works as a buffer and adjusts the output voltage for feedback. The operation of the chaotic circuit was verified with the SPICE software package, which used a supply voltage of 0.9 V at a frequency of 20 kHz. The time series, frequency spectra, transition in phase space, sensitivity with initial condition diagrams, and bifurcation phenomena are presented. The main advantage of this circuit is that its chaotic signal can be generated while dissipating approximately 7.8 μW of power, making it suitable for embedded systems where many chaos-signal generators are required on a single chip.
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null
Accept: 2013-11-07
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The advantages of blue InGaN based light-emitting diodes with GaN-AlGaN-InGaN last quantum barrier (LQB) is analyzed. It is found that the structure shows improved light output power, lower current leakage, higher recombination rate, and less efficiency droop over its conventional GaN LQB. Based on the numerical simulation and analysis, these improvements on the electrical and the optical characteristics are mainly attributed to the special designed GaN-AlGaN-InGaN LQB which enhances the electron confinement and improves the hole injection efficiency.
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Ai-Dong ZHU Yan-Qiang Ji Zhao Jin Hong-Fu WANG
Accept: 2013-11-07
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We propose the schemes for implementing hyperentangled state analysis and generating four-electron high entangled states, including the cluster state, $|\chi\rangle$ state, and symmetric Dicke state based on charge detection on free-electron. These schemes are deterministic only rely on charge detection and single-spin rotations. This method using noninteracting electrons is not only efficient but also saving in quantum resources.
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Guang-Chao(广超) Yin（尹） Lin-Hong(林红) Zhong(仲) Mei-Ling(美玲) Sun(孙) 俊凯 张 Xiao-Jun(晓君) Xie(谢) 日东 丛 Wei GAO Qi-Liang(啟良) Cui(崔)
Accept: 2013-11-07
Show Abstract
The lanthanum silicates La10Si6-xMgxO27-x (x= 0-0.4) have been prepared by solid state synthesis method to investigate the effect of Mg doping on crystal structure and ionic conductivity. Rietveld analysis of the powder XRD patterns reveals that Mg substitution on Si site results in the significant enlargement of channel triangles, which is favorable for oxide-ion conduction. Furthermore, the increase of Mg amount significantly influences the linear density of interstitial oxygen, which plays an important role on ionic conductivity. The Arrhenius plots of La10Si6-xMgxO27-x (x= 0-0.4) suggest that Mg doped samples present higher conductivity and lower activation energy than non doped La10Si6O27, and La10Si5.8Mg0.2O26.8 exhibits the highest conductivity with a value of 3.0×10-2 S cm-1 at 700 °C. Such conductive behavior agrees well with the refined results. The corresponding mechanism has been discussed in this paper。
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null
Accept: 2013-11-07
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We present a method to increase the sum-frequency (SF) outputs in the dielectric/Antiferromagnet(AF)/Ag sandwich structures for a fixed input power. Two incident waves simultaneously illuminate on the above surface, where one is oblique and the other is normal to it. The numerical calculations based on the SiO2/MnF2/Ag and ZnF2/MnF2/Ag structures show that the SF outputs on the upper film are increased a few times than those of a single AF film when the thickness of AF film is one quarter of the vacuum wavelength. And also, the SF outputs generated near the higher resonant frequency will be higher than those obtained near the lower resonant frequency. An optimum AF film thickness is achieved through investigating the effect of it in the two different dielectric sandwich structures on the SF outputs.
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null
Accept: 2013-11-07
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null
Accept: 2013-11-07
Show Abstract
High order energy preserving scheme for the strongly coupled nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger system is proposed by the average vector field method. The high order energy preserving scheme is applied to simulate solitons evolution of the strongly coupled Schr\"{o}dinger system. Numerical results show that the high order energy preserving scheme can well simulate solitons evolution, moreover preserve the discrete energy of the strongly coupled nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger system exactly.
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Accept: 2013-11-07
Show Abstract
In the present comments, we point out some major errors found in the above referenced paper.
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null
Accept: 2013-11-07
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In this paper, we propose an inverse method to determine the material parameters of transparent device without any knowledge of the corresponding transformation function. The required parameters are independently obtained and expressed as functions of introduced generator. Moreover, to remove the inhomogeneity and anisotropy of material parameters, layered transparent device composed of only homogeneous and isotropic materials is presented based on the effective medium theory. The feasibility of layered device in antenna protection is also investigated. Full-wave simulation is carried out for verification. This work paves a new way for designing metamaterial devices without specifying the underlying coordinate transformation, and has great guiding significance for the practical fabrication of transparent device.
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null
Accept: 2013-11-07
Show Abstract

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Chi Song Dong-Dong Li Yi-Chun Xu Bicai Pan changsong Liu
Accept: 2013-11-07
Show Abstract
Corrosion of steels in liquid metal lead (Pb) and bismuth (Bi) is a critical challenge in the development of accelerator driven systems (ADS). Using a first-principles method with slab model, we theoretically investigate the interaction between Pb (Bi) atom and the iron (Fe) (100) surface to assess fundamental corrosion properties. Our investigation demonstrates that both Pb and Bi atoms favorably adsorb on the (100) surface. Such adsorption decreases the energy required for the dissociation of an Fe atom from the surface, enhancing the dissolution tendency significantly. The segregation of six common alloying elements (Cr, Al, Mn, Ni, Nb and Si) to the surface and their impact on the corrosion properties are also considered. The present results reveal that Si seems to have relative good performance to stable the surface and alleviate the dissolving trend caused by Pb and Bi.
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null
Accept: 2013-11-07
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Nano-Ag incorporated hydroxyapatite/titania (HA/TiO2) coatings were deposited on the Ti6Al4V substrates by the plasma electrolytic oxidation process. Comparing with the Ti6Al4V substrate, the deposited coatings have attractive mechanical and biomedical properties. First, they perform stronger wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Second, the coatings perform strong antibacterial ability. The mean vitality of the P. gingivalis attaching on the coating surfaces can be reduced to about 21%. Third, the coatings perform good biocompatibility. It can increase the mean viability of the fibroblast cell attaching on the surface to about 130%. Based on the attractive properties, the Ag incorporated HA/TiO2 coatings may be useful in the biomedical field.
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[Manu ID:132355]    High-Power Terahertz Pulse Sensor with Overmoded Structure

Jianguo Wang
Accept: 2013-11-07
Show Abstract
Based on the hot electron effect in the semiconductor, an overmoded resistive sensor for 0.3~0.4 THz band has been investigated. The distribution of electromagnetic field components, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and the average electric field in the silicon block are obtained by using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. By adjusting several factors, such as the length, width, height and specific resistance of the silicon block, a novel sensor with optimal structural parameters that can be used as a power measurement device for high power terahertz pulse directly is proposed. The results shows that the sensor has a sensitivity of about 0.24 kW-1, with a fluctuation of sensitivity is no more than ±22%, and the maximum of VSWR is 2.74 for 0.3~0.4 THz band.
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Ying-Hua Ji Ju-Ju HU
Accept: 2013-10-31
Show Abstract
We demonstrate the controllable generation of multi-photon Fock states in circuit QED. The external bias flux regulated by a counter can effectively adjust the bias time on each superconducting flux qubit so that each flux qubit can pass in turn through the circuit cavity and availably avoid the effects of decoherence. We further investigate the quantum correlation dynamics of coupling superconducting qubits in Fock state. The results reveal that the less the photon number of the light field in number state is, the stronger the interaction between qubits is, then more beneficial for maintaining entanglement between qubits.
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null
Accept: 2013-10-31
Show Abstract
Silver nanoparticle thin films with different average particle diameter were grown on silicon substrate. Then boron nitride thin films were deposited upon the silver nanoparticles interlayers by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The boron nitride thin films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The average particle diameters of silver nanoparticle thin films were 121.6, 79.4 and 179.2 nm respectively. The results show that the size of the silver nanoparticles has an effect on the intensity of infrared spectra of boron nitride thin films. An enhanced infrared absorption was detected for boron nitride thin film to grow on silver nanoparticle thin films. This result is helpful to study growth mechanism of boron nitride thin films.
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Zhi-Min ZHANG
Accept: 2013-10-31
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This paper presents a new approach to determine the relative permittivity of periodic stratified medium using the iterative time reversal method. Based on transmission line theory, the focal peak value of iterative time reversal electromagnetic waves, which contains the information of the periodic stratified medium, is computed in pulse echo mode. Using the relationship between the focal peak value and the relative permittivity of the periodic stratified medium, the relative permittivity can be obtained by measuring the focal peak value. Numerical simulations are conducted and the results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach for the measurement of relative permittivity of periodic stratified medium.
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null
Accept: 2013-10-31
Show Abstract
The effect of Iron Trichloride (FeCl3) on chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) film has been investigated in this paper. The polishing rate of GST increases when the FeCl3 concentrations change from 0.01 wt % to 0.15 wt % comparing with 1 wt % H2O2. This polishing rate trends to be inversely correlated with contact angle between slurry with FeCl3 and the GST film surface. Thus, the hydrophilicity of the GST film surface is associated with the polishing rate during CMP. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Optical Microscope (OM) were used to characterize the surface quality after CMP. The chemical mechanism was studied by potentiodynamic measurements such as Ecorr and Icorr to analyze chemical reaction between FeCl3 and GST surface. Finally, it is verified that slurry with FeCl3 has no influence on the electrical property of the post-CMP GST films by the Resistivity-Temperature (RT) tests.
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[Manu ID:131546]    Measures of genuine multipartite entanglement for graph states

null
Accept: 2013-10-31
Show Abstract
﻿ Chin. Phys. B
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Chin. Phys. B
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Cubature Kalman filters：Derivation and extension

Zhang Xin-Chun, Guo Cheng-Jun
2013, 22(12): 128401. Full Text: PDF (352KB) (7956)
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This paper focuses on the cubature Kalman filters (CKFs) for the nonlinear dynamic systems with additive process and measurement noise. As is well known, the heart of the CKF is the third-degree spherical–radial cubature rule which makes it possible to compute the integrals encountered in nonlinear filtering problems. However, the rule not only requires computing the integration over an n-dimensional spherical region, but also combines the spherical cubature rule with the radial rule, thereby making it difficult to construct higher-degree CKFs. Moreover, the cubature formula used to construct the CKF has some drawbacks in computation. To address these issues, we present a more general class of the CKFs, which completely abandons the spherical–radial cubature rule. It can be shown that the conventional CKF is a special case of the proposed algorithm. The paper also includes a fifth-degree extension of the CKF. Two target tracking problems are used to verify the proposed algorithm. The results of both experiments demonstrate that the higher-degree CKF outperforms the conventional nonlinear filters in terms of accuracy.
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Structural and electronic characteristics of pure and doped ZnO varistors

A. Sedky, E. El-Suheel
2012, 21(11): 116103. Full Text: PDF (18007KB) (7348)
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We report here structural, surface morphology, mechanical, and current-voltage characteristics of Zn1-xMxO ceramic samples with various x and M (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.20, M = Ni, Cu). It is found that the considered dopants do not influence the well-known peaks related to the wurtzite structure of ZnO ceramics, while the shapes and the sizes of grains are clearly affected. The average crystalline diameters deduced from the SEM micrographs are between 2.06 μ and 4.8 μ for all samples. The oxygen element ratio is increased by both dopants. Interestingly, the potential barrier can be formed by adding Cu up to 0.20, while it is completely deformed by 0.025 Ni addition. The breakdown field can be enhanced up to 4138 V/cm by 0.025 Cu addition, followed by a decrease with further increase of Cu up to 0.20. On the other hand, a gradual decrease in Vickers microhardness is reported for both dopants, and the values in the Ni samples are higher compared to those in the Cu samples. The electrical conductivity is generally improved by Ni, while the addition of Cu improves it only in the over doped region ( ≥ 0.10). These results are discussed in terms of the differences of valency and ferromagnetic ordering.
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Preparing Cu2ZnSnS4 films using the co-electro-deposition method with ionic liquids

Chen Yong-Sheng,Wang Ying-Jun,Li Rui,Gu Jin-Hua,Lu Jing-Xiao,Yang Shi-E
2012, 21(5): 058801. Full Text: PDF (12057KB) (7280)
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Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) films are successfully prepared by co-electrodeposition in aqueous ionic solution and sulfurized in elemental sulfur vapor ambient at 400℃ for 30 min using nitrogen as the protective gas. It is found that the CZTS film synthesized at Cu/(Zn+Sn)=0.71 has a kesterite structure, a bandgap of about 1.51 eV, and an absorption coefficient of the order of 104 cm-1. This indicates that the co-electrodeposition method with aqueous ionic solution is a viable process for the growth of CZTS films for application in photovoltaic devices.
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Transfer function modeling and analysis of the open-loop Buck converter using the fractional calculus

Wang Fa-Qiang, Ma Xi-Kui
2013, 22(3): 030506. Full Text: PDF (457KB) (6032)
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Based on the fact that the real inductor and the real capacitor are fractional order in nature and the fractional calculus, the transfer function modeling and analysis of the open-loop Buck converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM) operation are carried out in this paper. The fractional order small signal model and the corresponding equivalent circuit of the open-loop Buck converter in CCM operation are presented. The transfer functions from the input voltage to the output voltage, from the input voltage to the inductor current, from the duty cycle to the output voltage, from the duty cycle to the inductor current, and the output impedance of the open-loop Buck converter in CCM operation are derived, and their bode diagrams and step responses are calculated, respectively. It is found that all the derived fractional order transfer functions of the system are influenced by the fractional orders of the inductor and the capacitor. Finally, the realization of the fractional order inductor and the fractional order capacitor is designed, and the corresponding PSIM circuit simulation results of the open-loop Buck converter in CCM operation are given to confirm the correctness of the derivations and the theoretical analysis.
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Growth mechanism and photoluminescence of the SnO2 nanotwists on thin film and the SnO2 short nanowires on nanorods

Wang Bing, Xu Ping
2009, 18(1): 324-332. Full Text: PDF (13753KB) (5941)
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SnO2 nanotwists on thin film and SnO2 short nanowires on nanorods have been grown on single silicon substrates by using Au--Ag alloying catalyst assisted carbothermal evaporation of SnO2 and active carbon powders. The morphology and the structure of the prepared nanostructures are determined on the basis of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electronic diffraction (SAED), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectra analysis. The new peaks at 356, 450, and 489 nm in the measured PL spectra of two kinds of SnO2 nanostructures are observed, implying that more luminescence centres exist in these SnO2 nanostructures due to nanocrystals and defects. The growth mechanism of these nanostructures belongs to the vapour--liquid--solid (VLS) mechanism.
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Solitons for a generalized variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger equation

Wang Huan, Li Biao
2011, 20(4): 040203. Full Text: PDF (2324KB) (4508)
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In this paper, we investigate some exact soliton solutions for a generalized variable-coefficients nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) with an arbitrary time-dependent linear potential which describes the dynamics of soliton solutions in quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensations. Under some reasonable assumptions, one-soliton and two-soliton solutions are constructed analytically by the Hirota method. From our results, some previous one- and two-soliton solutions for some NLS-type equations can be recovered by some appropriate selection of the various parameters. Some figures are given to demonstrate some properties of the one- and the two-soliton and the discussion about the integrability property and the Hirota method is given finally.
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Comparison of performance between bipolar and unipolar double-frequency sinusoidal pulse width modulation in a digitally controlled H-bridge inverter system

Lei Bo, Xiao Guo-Chun, Wu Xuan-Lü
2013, 22(6): 060509. Full Text: PDF (1177KB) (4329)
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By deriving the discrete-time models of a digitally controlled H-bridge inverter system modulated by bipolar sinusoidal pulse width modulation (BSPWM) and unipolar double-frequency sinusoidal pulse width modulation (UDFSPWM) respectively, the performances of the two modulation strategies are analyzed in detail. The circuit parameters, used in this paper, are fixed. When the systems, modulated by BSPWM and UDFSPWM, have the same switching frequency, the stability boundaries of the two systems are the same. However, when the equivalent switching frequencies of the two systems are the same, the BSPWM modulated system is more stable than the UDFSPWM modulated system. In addition, a convenient method of establishing the discrete-time model of piecewise smooth system is presented. Finally, the analytical results are confirmed by circuit simulations and experimental measurements.
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Some corrections to the Thomas–Fermi theory

Janusz Chrzanowski
2013, 22(8): 087101. Full Text: PDF (11289KB) (4102)
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In the presented model the wave function describing the electron is a superposition of contributions from individual components of the system, in the case of metals–lattice ions and in this sense refers not to a single electron, but rather to the system as a whole. An unconventional approach to the Schrödinger equation can provide a simple analytical relationship between the total energy of the electron and the wave number. This expression can directly determine the basic parameters such as Fermi radius, the screening radius or work function and also produce a graphical interpretation of the Fermi surface.

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Stability of operation versus temperature of a three-phase clock-driven chaotic circuit

Zhou Ji-Chao, Hyunsik Son, Namtae Kim, Han Jung Song
2013, 22(12): 120506. Full Text: PDF (3082KB) (3335)
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We evaluate the influence of temperature on the behavior of a three-phase clock-driven metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) chaotic circuit. The chaotic circuit consists of two nonlinear functions, a level shifter, and three sample and hold blocks. It is necessary to analyze a CMOS-based chaotic circuit with respect to variation in temperature for stability because the circuit is sensitive to the behavior of the circuit design parameters. The temperature dependence of the proposed chaotic circuit is investigated via the simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) using 0.6-μm CMOS process technology with a 5-V power supply and a 20-kHz clock frequency. The simulation results demonstrate the effects of temperature on the chaotic dynamics of the proposed chaotic circuit. The time series, frequency spectra, bifurcation phenomena, and Lyapunov exponent results are provided.
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Surface rumples and band gap reductions of cubic BaZrO3 (001) surface studied by means of first-principles calculations

Zhang Chao, Wang Chun-Lei, Li Ji-Chao, Yang Kun, Zhang Yan-Fei, Wu Qing-Zao
2008, 17(1): 274-280. Full Text: PDF (697KB) (3198)
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Electronic properties of the (001) surface of cubic BaZrO$_{3}$ with BaO and ZrO$_{2}$ terminations have been studied using first-principles calculations. Surface structure, partial density of states, band structure and surface energy have been obtained. We find that the largest relaxation appears in the first layer of atoms, and the relaxation of the BaO-terminated surface is larger than that of the ZrO$_{2}$-terminated surface. The surface rumpling of the BaO-terminated surface is also larger than that of the ZrO$_{2}$-terminated surface. Results of surface energy calculations reveal that the BaZrO$_{3}$ surface is likely to be more stable than the PbZrO$_{3}$ surface.
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