A compact electro-absorption modulator based on graphene photonic crystal fiber

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ab6838

Abstract A compact electro-absorption modulator based on graphene photonic crystal fiber is proposed. To enhance the graphene-light interaction efficiency, the innermost six air-holes of photonic crystal fiber are replaced by two large semicircular holes, and monolayer graphene is deposited on the two large semicircular holes. By optimizing the structure parameters, a strong graphene-light interaction is obtained. Moreover, the switch on-off point of the modulator is unchangeable, which is only related to the frequency of the incident light. The influence factors of this composite structure have been analyzed. The proposed modulator is compared with other graphene-based modulators, and the results show that it is filled without dielectric spacer. There are some excellent performances, such as an extinction ratio 7 dB of y-polarization mode, 3-dB modulation bandwidth of 70 GHz with small footprint of 205 μm, and a consumption of energy per bit 59 pJ/bit.

Keywords: graphene electro-absorption modulator finite element method

Received: 16 September 2019
Revised: 11 November 2019
Accepted manuscript online:

PACS:	42.79.-e	(Optical elements, devices, and systems)
	42.79.Hp	(Optical processors, correlators, and modulators)
	42.81.-i	(Fiber optics)
	81.05.ue	(Graphene)

Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61575170 and 61675176), the Key Basic Research Program of Hebei Province, China (Grant No. 16961701D), and the “Xin Rui Gong Cheng” Talent Project of Yanshan University.

Corresponding Authors: Guangwei Fu, Weihong Bi
E-mail: earl@ysu.edu.cn;whbi@ysu.edu.cn

Cite this article:

Guangwei Fu(付广伟), Ying Wang(王颖), Bilin Wang(王碧霖), Kaili Yang(杨凯丽), Xiaoyu Wang(王晓愚), Xinghu Fu(付兴虎), Wa Jin(金娃), Weihong Bi(毕卫红) A compact electro-absorption modulator based on graphene photonic crystal fiber 2020 Chin. Phys. B 29 034209

[1]	Liu Z B, Feng M, Jiang W S, Xin W, Wang P, Sheng Q W, Liu Y G, Wang D N, Zhou W Y and Tian J G 2013 Laser Phys. Lett. 10 065901
[2]	García-Granda M, Hu H, Rodríguez-García J and Sohler W 2009 J. Lightw. Technol. 27 5690
[3]	Novoselov K S, Geim A K and Morozov S V 2004 Science 306 666
[4]	Pallecchi E, Lafont L and Cavaliere V 2015 Sci. Rep. 4 4558
[5]	Nair R R, Blake P and Grigorenko A N 2008 Science 320 1308
[6]	Stauber T, Peres N M R and Geim A K 2008 Phys. Rev. 78 085432
[7]	Wang F, Zhang Y B and Tian C S 2008 Science 320 206
[8]	Li Z Q, Henriksen E A, Jiang Z, Martin M C, Kim P, Stormer H L and Basov D N 2008 Nat. Phys. 4 532
[9]	Liu M, Yin X B, Ulin-Avila E, Geng B S, Zent graf T, Ju T, Wang F and Zhang F 2011 Nature 474 64
[10]	Gosciniak J and Tan D T H 2013 Nanotechnology 24 185202
[11]	Ye S W, Wang Z S and Tang L F 2014 Opt. Express 22 26173
[12]	Zhu H Y and Liu M J 2000 J. Neijiang Normal University 15 18 (in Chinese)
[13]	Zhou F, Jin X F, Hao R, Zhang X M, Chi H and Zheng S L 2016 J. Opt. 45 1
[14]	Shah M K, Ye S W, Zou X H, Yuan F, Jha A, Zhang Y L, Lu R G and Liu Y 2016 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 23 1
[15]	Dash J N and Jha R 2014 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 26 595
[16]	Zou H, Xiong H, Zhang Y S, Mz Y and Zheng J J 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 124216
[17]	Zhao J Q, Ruan S C, Yan P G, Zhang H, Yu Y Q, Wei H F and Luo J 2013 Opt. Eng. 52 106105
[18]	Singh S and Prajapati Y K 2019 Appl. Phys. A 125 437
[19]	Sun J Y, Chen Y B, Priydarshi M K, Chen Z, Bachmatick A, Zou Z Y, Chen Z L, Song X J, Gao Y F, Rümmeli M H, Zhang Y F and Liu Z F 2015 Nano Lett. 15 5846
[20]	Sun J, Lindvall N, Cole M T, Wang T and Booth T J 2012 Appl. Phys. 111 044103
[21]	Fang H, Ma R L and Wei H F 2012 J. Xi'an Technol. University 32 187 (in Chinese)
[22]	Li H F 2015 Research on Fiber Transmission Characteristics of Photonic Crystal and Splice Loss (MS Dissertation) (Changchun: Changchun University of Science and Technology) (in Chinese)
[23]	Tong L M, Lou J Y and Mazur E 2004 Opt. Express 12 1025
[24]	Bi W H, Wang Y Y, Fu G W, Wang X Y and Li C L 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 047801 (in Chinese)
[25]	Koester S J and Li M 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 171107
[26]	Hanson G W 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 064302
[27]	Hao R, Du W, Chen H S, Jin X F, Yang L Z and Li E P 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 061116

[1]	Polarization Raman spectra of graphene nanoribbons Wangwei Xu(许望伟), Shijie Sun(孙诗杰), Muzi Yang(杨慕紫), Zhenliang Hao(郝振亮), Lei Gao(高蕾), Jianchen Lu(卢建臣), Jiasen Zhu(朱嘉森), Jian Chen(陈建), and Jinming Cai(蔡金明). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(4): 046803.
[2]	Spin- and valley-polarized Goos-Hänchen-like shift in ferromagnetic mass graphene junction with circularly polarized light Mei-Rong Liu(刘美荣), Zheng-Fang Liu(刘正方), Ruo-Long Zhang(张若龙), Xian-Bo Xiao(肖贤波), and Qing-Ping Wu(伍清萍). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(3): 037301.
[3]	Graphene metasurface-based switchable terahertz half-/quarter-wave plate with a broad bandwidth Xiaoqing Luo(罗小青), Juan Luo(罗娟), Fangrong Hu(胡放荣), and Guangyuan Li(李光元). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(2): 027801.
[4]	Correlated states in alternating twisted bilayer-monolayer-monolayer graphene heterostructure Ruirui Niu(牛锐锐), Xiangyan Han(韩香岩), Zhuangzhuang Qu(曲壮壮), Zhiyu Wang(王知雨), Zhuoxian Li(李卓贤), Qianling Liu(刘倩伶), Chunrui Han(韩春蕊), and Jianming Lu(路建明). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(1): 017202.
[5]	Adsorption dynamics of double-stranded DNA on a graphene oxide surface with both large unoxidized and oxidized regions Mengjiao Wu(吴梦娇), Huishu Ma(马慧姝), Haiping Fang(方海平), Li Yang(阳丽), and Xiaoling Lei(雷晓玲). Chin. Phys. B, 2023, 32(1): 018701.
[6]	Precisely controlling the twist angle of epitaxial MoS₂/graphene heterostructure by AFM tip manipulation Jiahao Yuan(袁嘉浩), Mengzhou Liao(廖梦舟), Zhiheng Huang(黄智恒), Jinpeng Tian(田金朋), Yanbang Chu(褚衍邦), Luojun Du(杜罗军), Wei Yang(杨威), Dongxia Shi(时东霞), Rong Yang(杨蓉), and Guangyu Zhang(张广宇). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(8): 087302.
[7]	Longitudinal conductivity in ABC-stacked trilayer graphene under irradiating of linearly polarized light Guo-Bao Zhu(朱国宝), Hui-Min Yang(杨慧敏), and Jie Yang(杨杰). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(8): 088102.
[8]	Dynamically tunable multiband plasmon-induced transparency effect based on graphene nanoribbon waveguide coupled with rectangle cavities system Zi-Hao Zhu(朱子豪), Bo-Yun Wang(王波云), Xiang Yan(闫香), Yang Liu(刘洋), Qing-Dong Zeng(曾庆栋), Tao Wang(王涛), and Hua-Qing Yu(余华清). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(8): 084210.
[9]	Dual-channel tunable near-infrared absorption enhancement with graphene induced by coupled modes of topological interface states Zeng-Ping Su(苏增平), Tong-Tong Wei(魏彤彤), and Yue-Ke Wang(王跃科). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(8): 087804.
[10]	Recent advances of defect-induced spin and valley polarized states in graphene Yu Zhang(张钰), Liangguang Jia(贾亮广), Yaoyao Chen(陈瑶瑶), Lin He(何林), and Yeliang Wang(王业亮). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(8): 087301.
[11]	Valley-dependent transport in strain engineering graphene heterojunctions Fei Wan(万飞), X R Wang(王新茹), L H Liao(廖烈鸿), J Y Zhang(张嘉颜),M N Chen(陈梦南), G H Zhou(周光辉), Z B Siu(萧卓彬), Mansoor B. A. Jalil, and Yuan Li(李源). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(7): 077302.
[12]	Single-polarization single-mode hollow-core negative curvature fiber with nested U-type cladding elements Qi-Wei Wang(王启伟), Shi Qiu(邱石), Jin-Hui Yuan(苑金辉), Gui-Yao Zhou(周桂耀), Chang-Ming Xia(夏长明), Yu-Wei Qu(屈玉玮), Xian Zhou(周娴), Bin-Bin Yan(颜玢玢), Qiang Wu(吴强), Kui-Ru Wang(王葵如), Xin-Zhu Sang(桑新柱), and Chong-Xiu Yu(余重秀). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(6): 064213.
[13]	Photoelectrochemical activity of ZnO:Ag/rGO photo-anodes synthesized by two-steps sol-gel method D Ben Jemia, M Karyaoui, M A Wederni, A Bardaoui, M V Martinez-Huerta, M Amlouk, and R Chtourou. Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(5): 058201.
[14]	Thermionic electron emission in the 1D edge-to-edge limit Tongyao Zhang(张桐耀), Hanwen Wang(王汉文), Xiuxin Xia(夏秀鑫), Chengbing Qin(秦成兵), and Xiaoxi Li(李小茜). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(5): 058504.
[15]	Acoustic radiation force on a rigid cylinder near rigid corner boundaries exerted by a Gaussian beam field Qin Chang(常钦), Yuchen Zang(臧雨宸), Weijun Lin(林伟军), Chang Su(苏畅), and Pengfei Wu(吴鹏飞). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(4): 044302.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Metrics
Related Articles

A compact electro-absorption modulator based on graphene photonic crystal fiber

Cite this article:

Online attention