Planar waveguides in neodymium-doped calcium niobium gallium garnet crystals produced by proton implantation

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/25/4/044211

Abstract In this work, the fabrication and optical properties of a planar waveguide in a neodymium-doped calcium niobium gallium garnet (Nd:CNGG) crystal are reported. The waveguide is produced by proton (H⁺) implantation at 480 keV and a fluence of 1.0×10¹⁷ ions/cm². The prism-coupling measurement is performed to obtain the dark mode of the waveguide at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. The reflectivity calculation method (RCM) is used to reconstruct the refractive index profile. The finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) is employed to calculate the guided mode profile of the waveguide. The stopping and range of ions in matter 2010 (SRIM 2010) code is used to simulate the damage profile induced by the ion implantation. The experimental and theoretical results indicate that the waveguide can confine the light propagation.

Keywords: waveguide ion implantation Nd:CNGG crystal

Received: 13 September 2015
Revised: 26 October 2015
Accepted manuscript online:

PACS:	42.79.Gn	(Optical waveguides and couplers)
	61.80.Jh	(Ion radiation effects)

Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11405041, 61405240, 61077070, 61177086, 51002181, and 61177084), the Scientific Research Starting Foundation for New Teachers of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPTSF) (Grant No. NY214159), and the Research Center of Optical Communications Engineering & Technology, Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. ZSF0401).

Corresponding Authors: Chun-Xiao Liu, Wei Wei
E-mail: cxliu0816@sina.com;weiwei@njupt.edu.cn

Cite this article:

Chun-Xiao Liu(刘春晓), Meng Chen(陈梦), Li-Li Fu(付丽丽), Rui-Lin Zheng(郑锐林), Hai-Tao Guo(郭海涛), Zhi-Guang Zhou(周志广), Wei-Nan Li(李玮楠), She-Bao Lin(林社宝), Wei Wei(韦玮) Planar waveguides in neodymium-doped calcium niobium gallium garnet crystals produced by proton implantation 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 044211

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Planar waveguides in neodymium-doped calcium niobium gallium garnet crystals produced by proton implantation

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