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Chin. Phys. B, 2015, Vol. 24(12): 128705    DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/24/12/128705
SPECIAL TOPIC—8th IUPAP International Conference on Biological Physics Prev   Next  

Comparison of ligand migration and binding in heme proteins of the globin family

Karin Nienhausa, G. Ulrich Nienhausa b c
a Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76049 Karlsruhe, Germany;
b Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany;
c Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Il 61801, USA
Abstract  The binding of small diatomic ligands such as carbon monoxide or dioxygen to heme proteins is among the simplest biological processes known. Still, it has taken many decades to understand the mechanistic aspects of this process in full detail. Here, we compare ligand binding in three heme proteins of the globin family, myoglobin, a dimeric hemoglobin, and neuroglobin. The combination of structural, spectroscopic, and kinetic experiments over many years by many laboratories has revealed common properties of globins and a clear mechanistic picture of ligand binding at the molecular level. In addition to the ligand binding site at the heme iron, a primary ligand docking site exists that ensures efficient ligand binding to and release from the heme iron. Additional, secondary docking sites can greatly facilitate ligand escape after its dissociation from the heme. Although there is only indirect evidence at present, a preformed histidine gate appears to exist that allows ligand entry to and exit from the active site. The importance of these features can be assessed by studies involving modified proteins (via site-directed mutagenesis) and comparison with heme proteins not belonging to the globin family.
Keywords:  flash photolysis      ligand binding      time-resolved spectroscopy      heme protein  
Received:  22 January 2015      Revised:  20 March 2015      Accepted manuscript online: 
PACS:  87.15.kp (Protein-ligand interactions)  
  87.64.-t (Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques in biophysics and medical physics)  
  87.80.-y (Biophysical techniques (research methods))  
Corresponding Authors:  G. Ulrich Nienhaus     E-mail:  uli@illinois.edu

Cite this article: 

Karin Nienhaus, G. Ulrich Nienhaus Comparison of ligand migration and binding in heme proteins of the globin family 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 128705

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