A study of transition from n-to p-type based on hexagonal WO3 nanorods sensor

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/23/4/040704

Abstract Hexagonal WO₃ nanorods are fabricated by a facile hydrothermal process at 180 ℃ using sodium tungstate and sodium chloride as starting materials. The morphology, structure, and composition of the prepared nanorods are studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. It is found that the agglomeration of the nanorods is strongly dependent on the PH value of the reaction solution. Uniform and isolated WO₃ nanorods with diameters ranging from 100 nm-150 nm and lengths up to several micrometers are obtained at PH=2.5 and the nanorods are identified as being hexagonal in phase structure. The sensing characteristics of the WO₃ nanorod sensor are obtained by measuring the dynamic response to NO₂ with concentrations in the range 0.5 ppm-5 ppm and at working temperatures in the range 25 ℃-250 ℃. The obtained WO₃ nanorods sensors are found to exhibit opposite sensing behaviors, depending on the working temperature. When being exposed to oxidizing NO₂ gas, the WO₃ nanorod sensor behaves as an n-type semiconductor as expected when the working temperature is higher than 50 ℃, whereas, it behaves as a p-type semiconductor below 50 ℃. The origin of the n-to p-type transition is correlated with the formation of an inversion layer at the surface of the WO₃ nanorod at room temperature. This finding is useful for making new room temperature NO₂ sensors based on hexagonal WO₃ nanorods.

Keywords: hexagonal WO₃ nanorods sensor hydrothermal method n-to p-type transition

Received: 06 July 2013
Revised: 17 October 2013
Accepted manuscript online:

PACS:	07.07.Df	(Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing)
	61.62.Fk
	78.67.Qa	(Nanorods)

Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60771019, 61271070, and 61274074) and the Tianjin Key Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology, China (Grant No. 11JCZDJC15300).

Corresponding Authors: Hu Ming
E-mail: huming@tju.edu.cn

About author: 07.07.Df; 61.62.Fk; 78.67.Qa

Cite this article:

Wu Ya-Qiao (武雅乔), Hu Ming (胡明), Wei Xiao-Ying (韦晓莹) A study of transition from n-to p-type based on hexagonal WO₃ nanorods sensor 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 040704

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A study of transition from n-to p-type based on hexagonal WO3 nanorods sensor

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A study of transition from n-to p-type based on hexagonal WO₃ nanorods sensor