Investigation of long-range sound propagation in surface ducts

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/22/12/124301

Abstract Understanding the effect of source-receiver geometry on sound propagation in surface ducts can improve the performance of near-surface sonar in deep water. The Lloyd-mirror and normal mode theories are used to analyze the features of surface-duct propagation in this paper. Firstly, according to the Lloyd-mirror theory, a shallow point source generates directional lobes, whose grazing angles are determined by the source depth and frequency. By assuming a part of the first lobe to be just trapped in the surface duct, a method to calculate the minimum cutoff frequency (MCF) is obtained. The presented method is source depth dependent and thus is helpful for determining the working depth for sonar. Secondly, it is found that under certain environments there exists a layer of low transmission loss (TL) in the surface duct, whose thickness is related to the source geometry and can be calculated by the Lloyd-mirror method. The receiver should be placed in this layer to minimize the TL. Finally, the arrival angle on a vertical linear array (VLA) in the surface duct is analyzed based on normal mode theory, which provides a priori knowledge of the beam direction of passive sonar.

Keywords: surface duct source-receiver geometry Lloyd-mirror normal mode

Received: 20 January 2013
Revised: 11 March 2013
Accepted manuscript online:

PACS:	43.30.Cq	(Ray propagation of sound in water)
	43.30.Bp	(Normal mode propagation of sound in water)

Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11174235), the Science and Technology Development Project of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2010KJXX-02), the Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University of China, and the Doctorate Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University, China (Grant No. CX201226).

Corresponding Authors: Yang Kun-De
E-mail: ykdzym@nwpu.edu.cn

Cite this article:

Duan Rui (段睿), Yang Kun-De (杨坤德), Ma Yuan-Liang (马远良) Investigation of long-range sound propagation in surface ducts 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 124301

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