Effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/22/9/094213

中国物理B ›› 2013, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (9): 94213-094213.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/22/9/094213

• ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS • 上一篇下一篇

Effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency

沈新勇^a, 庆涛^a, 李小凡^b

a Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
b NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA

收稿日期:2012-11-01 修回日期:2013-01-30 出版日期:2013-07-26 发布日期:2013-07-26
基金资助:
Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2013CB430103 and 2011CB403405), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41075039 and 41175065), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (Grant No. PAPD2 011).

Effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency

Shen Xin-Yong (沈新勇)^a, Qing Tao (庆涛)^a, Li Xiao-Fan (李小凡)^b

a Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
b NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA

Received:2012-11-01 Revised:2013-01-30 Online:2013-07-26 Published:2013-07-26
Contact: Shen Xin-Yong E-mail:shenxy@nuist.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2013CB430103 and 2011CB403405), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41075039 and 41175065), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (Grant No. PAPD2 011).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： The effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency are investigated using grid-scale data from nine equilibrium sensitivity cloud-resolving model experiments driven without large-scale vertical velocity. The precipitation efficiencies are respectively defined in surface rainfall, cloud, and rain microphysical budgets. We mathematically and physically demonstrate the relationship between these precipitation efficiencies. The 2℃ increases in spatiotemporal invariant sea surface temperature (SST) from 27℃ to 29℃ and from 29℃ to 31℃, and the inclusion of diurnal SST difference 1℃ and the 1℃ increase in diurnal SST difference generate opposite changes in the precipitation efficiency by changing ice cloud-radiation interactions. The radiative and microphysical processes of ice clouds have opposite effects on the precipitation efficiency because of the rainfall increase associated with the reduction in the saturation mixing ratio caused by the exclusion of radiative effects and the decrease in rainfall related to the reduction in net condensation caused by the exclusion of deposition processes. The radiative effects of water clouds on the precipitation efficiency are statistically insensitive to the radiative effects of ice clouds.

关键词: sea surface temperature, diurnal variations, clouds, precipitation efficiency

Abstract: The effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency are investigated using grid-scale data from nine equilibrium sensitivity cloud-resolving model experiments driven without large-scale vertical velocity. The precipitation efficiencies are respectively defined in surface rainfall, cloud, and rain microphysical budgets. We mathematically and physically demonstrate the relationship between these precipitation efficiencies. The 2℃ increases in spatiotemporal invariant sea surface temperature (SST) from 27℃ to 29℃ and from 29℃ to 31℃, and the inclusion of diurnal SST difference 1℃ and the 1℃ increase in diurnal SST difference generate opposite changes in the precipitation efficiency by changing ice cloud-radiation interactions. The radiative and microphysical processes of ice clouds have opposite effects on the precipitation efficiency because of the rainfall increase associated with the reduction in the saturation mixing ratio caused by the exclusion of radiative effects and the decrease in rainfall related to the reduction in net condensation caused by the exclusion of deposition processes. The radiative effects of water clouds on the precipitation efficiency are statistically insensitive to the radiative effects of ice clouds.

Key words: sea surface temperature, diurnal variations, clouds, precipitation efficiency

中图分类号: (Effects of clouds and water; ice crystal phenomena)

42.68.Ge

92.60.N- (Cloud physics and chemistry) 92.60.jf (Precipitation) 92.60.Wc (Weather analysis and prediction)

沈新勇, 庆涛, 李小凡. Effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency[J]. 中国物理B, 2013, 22(9): 94213-094213.

Shen Xin-Yong (沈新勇), Qing Tao (庆涛), Li Xiao-Fan (李小凡). Effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency[J]. Chin. Phys. B, 2013, 22(9): 94213-094213.

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Effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency

Effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency

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